Technical Appendix

0201-EX-ST-2018 Text Documents

UltiSat Inc.

2018-02-13ELS_204815

UltiSat, Inc. Special Temporary Authorization ("STA") Technical Appendix I. Radiation Hazard Analysis II. BB45 Off-Axis EIRP Spectral Density Patterns III. BB45 Gain Patterns

I. Radiation Hazard Analysis BB45Ku This analysis predicts the radiation levels around a proposed earth station complex, comprised of a single panel type antenna. This report is developed in accordance with the prediction methods contained in OET Bulletin No. 65, Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, Edition 97-01, pp 26-30. The maximum level of non-ionizing radiation to which employees may be exposed is limited to a power density level of 5 milliwatts per square centimeter (5 mW/cm2) averaged over any 6 minute period in a controlled environment and the maximum level of non-ionizing radiation to which the general public is exposed is limited to a power density level of 1 milliwatt per square centimeter (1 mW/cm2) averaged over any 30 minute period in a uncontrolled environment. Note that the worse-case radiation hazards exist along the beam axis. Under normal circumstances, it is highly unlikely that the antenna axis will be aligned with any occupied area since that would represent a blockage to the desired signals, thus rendering the link unusable. Earth Station Technical Parameter Table Antenna Aperture Size 0.45meters Antenna Effective Diameter 0.45 meters Antenna Surface Area 0.159 sq. meters Antenna Isotropic Gain 34.6 dBi Number of Identical Adjacent Antennas 1 Nominal Antenna Efficiency (ε) 70% Nominal Frequency 14.25 GHz Nominal Wavelength (λ) 0.0211 meters Maximum Transmit Power / Carrier 40.0 Watts Number of Carriers 1 Total Transmit Power 40.0 Watts W/G Loss from Transmitter to Feed 4.0 dB Total Feed Input Power 15.9 Watts Radome Losses 1.0 dB Effective RF Power at radome 12.7 Watts Near Field Limit Rnf = D²/4λ = 2.4 meters Far Field Limit Rff = 0.6 D²/λ = 5.8 meters Transition Region Rnf to Rff = 2.4 meters to 5.8 meters In the following sections, the power density in the above regions, as well as other critically important areas will be calculated and evaluated. The calculations are done in the order discussed in OET Bulletin 65. 1.0 At the Antenna Surface The power density at the reflector surface can be calculated from the expression: PDas = 4P/A = 40.1 mW/cm² (1) Where: P = total power at feed, milliwatts A = Total area of reflector, sq. cm 1

In the normal range of transmit powers for satellite antennas, the power densities at or around the reflector surface is expected to exceed safe levels. This area will not be accessible to the general public. This antenna will incorporate a radome which has 1.0 dB of loss. The worst case power density at the surface of the radome is shown below: PDradome= 4Prad/A = 31.81 mW/cm² (2) Where: Prad = total power at feed less radome losses, milliwatts A = Total area of reflector, sq. cm (this would represent worst case) Operators and technicians should receive training specifying this area as a high exposure area. Procedures must be established that will assure that all transmitters are rerouted or turned off before access by maintenance personnel to this area is possible. 2.0 On-Axis Near Field Region The geometrical limits of the radiated power in the near field approximate a cylindrical volume with a diameter equal to that of the antenna. In the near field, the power density is neither uniform nor does its value vary uniformly with distance from the antenna. For the purpose of considering radiation hazard it is assumed that the on-axis flux density is at its maximum value throughout the length of this region. The length of this region, i.e., the distance from the antenna to the end of the near field, is computed as Rnf above. The maximum power density in the near field is given by: PDnf = (16ε P)/(π D²) = 22.3 mW/cm² (3) from 0 to 2.4 meters Evaluation Uncontrolled Environment: Does Not Meet Controlled Limits Controlled Environment: Does Not Meet Uncontrolled Limits 3.0 On-Axis Transition Region The transition region is located between the near and far field regions. As stated in Bulletin 65, the power density begins to vary inversely with distance in the transition region. The maximum power density in the transition region will not exceed that calculated for the near field region, and the transition region begins at that value. The maximum value for a given distance within the transition region may be computed for the point of interest according to: PDtr = (PDnf)(Rnf)/R = dependent on R (4) where: PDnf = near field power density Rnf = near field distance R = distance to point of interest PDtr = 22.3 mW/cm² For: 2.4 < R < 5.8 meters 2

4.0 On-Axis Far-Field Region The on- axis power density in the far field region (PDff) varies inversely with the square of the distance as follows: PDff = PG/(4πR²) = dependent on R (5) where: P = total power at feed G = Numeric Antenna gain in the direction of interest relative to isotropic radiator R = distance to the point of interest For: R > Rff = 5.8 meters PDff = 11.06 mW/cm² at Rff We use Eq (5) to determine the safe on-axis distances required for the two occupancy conditions: Evaluation Uncontrolled Environment Safe Operating Distance,(meters), Rsafeu : See Section 3 Controlled Environment Safe Operating Distance,(meters), Rsafec : See Section 3 5.0 Off-Axis Levels at the Far Field Limit and Beyond In the far field region, the power is distributed in a pattern of maxima and minima (sidelobes) as a function of the off-axis angle between the antenna center line and the point of interest. Off-axis power density in the far field can be estimated using the antenna radiation patterns prescribed for the antenna in use. Usually this will correspond to the antenna gain pattern envelope defined by the FCC or the ITU, which takes the form of: Goff = 32 - 25log(Θ) for Θ from 1 to 48 degrees; -10 dBi from 48 to 180 degrees (Applicable for commonly used satellite transmit antennas) Considering that satellite antenna beams are aimed skyward, power density in the far field will usually not be a problem except at low look angles. In these cases, the off axis gain reduction may be used to further reduce the power density levels. For example: At two (2) degrees off axis At the far-field limit, we can calculate the power density as: Goff = 32 - 25log(2) = 32 – 7.52 dBi = 280.2 numeric PD2 deg off-axis = PDffx 280.2/G = 0.8 mW/cm2 (6) 3

6.0 Off-Axis power density in the Near Field and Transitional Regions According to Bulletin 65, off-axis calculations in the near field may be performed as follows: assuming that the point of interest is at least one antenna diameter removed from the center of the main beam, the power density at that point is at least a factor of 100 (20 dB) less than the value calculated for the equivalent on-axis power density in the main beam. Therefore, for regions at least D meters away from the center line of the dish, whether behind, below, or in front under of the antenna's main beam, the power density exposure is at least 20 dB below the main beam level as follows: PDnf(off-axis) = PDnf /100 =0.22 mW/cm² at D off axis (7) See Section 7 for the calculation of the distance vs. elevation angle required to achieve this rule for a given object height. 7.0 Evaluation of Safe Occupancy Area in Front of Antenna The distance (S) from a vertical axis passing through the dish center to a safe off axis location in front of the antenna can be determined based on the dish diameter rule (Item 6.0). Assuming a flat terrain in front of the antenna, the relationship is: S = (D/ sin α) + (2h - D - 2)/(2 tan α) (8) Where: α = minimum elevation angle of antenna D = dish diameter in meters h = maximum height of object to be cleared, meters For distances equal or greater than determined by equation (8), the radiation hazard will be below safe levels for all but the most powerful stations (> 4 kilowatts RF at the feed). For D= 0.45 meters h= 2.0 meters, delta between antenna and object >1 m Then: α S 10 1.3 meters 15 0.9 meters 20 0.7 meters 25 0.6 meters 30 0.5 meters 4

8.0 Summary of Results The earth station site will be protected from uncontrolled access by virtue of the fact that it will be mounted on the roof of a vehicle. There will also be proper emission warning signs placed and all operating personnel will be aware of the human exposure levels at and around the earth station. The table below summarizes all of the above calculations. 5

Parameter Abbr. Units Formula Antenna Effective Diameter Df 0.450 meters Antenna Centerline h 2 meters 2 2 Antenna Surface Area Sa 0.159 meter (π*Df )/4 Antenna Ground Elevation GE 2 meters Frequency of Operation f 14.25 GHz Wavelength λ 0.0211 meters HPA Output Power PHPA 40 watts HPA to Antenna Loss LTx 4 dB Radome Loss LRad 1 dB -1 Transmit Power at Flange P 15.92 watts P/10Log (LTx /10) -1 Effective Power after Radome 12.65 watts P/10Log (Radome Loss/10) Antenna Gain Ges 35.64 dBi does not include radome loss Antenna Aperature Efficiency η 70% n/a 1. Reflector Surface Region Calculations 2 2 Antenna Surface Power Density Pdas 400.5 W/m (16 * P)/(π * D ) 2 40.05 mW/cm 2 2 Power at Radome Surface Pdrad 318.1 W/m (16 * P)/(π * D ) 2 (outside radome) 31.81 mW/cm Does not meet controlled limits Does not meet uncontrolled limits 2. On Axis Near Field Calculations 2 Extent of Near Field Rn 2.40 meters D / (4 * λ) 7.87 feet 2 2 Near Field Power Density PDnf 222.7 w/m (16 * η *P)/(π * D ) 2 22.27 mW/cm Does not meet controlled limits Does not meet uncontrolled limits 3. On Axis Transition Region Calculations 2 Extent of Transition Region (min) RTr 2.405 meters D / (4 * λ) Extent of Transition Region (min) 7.890 feet 2 Extent of Transition Region (max) RTr 5.771 meters 0.6 * D / λ Extent of Transition Region (max) 18.934 feet 2 Worst Case Transition Region Power Density PDtr 222.7 w/m 2 22.27 mW/cm Does not meet controlled limits Does not meet uncontrolled limits Uncontrolled enviorment safe operating distance Rsu 53.6 meters (PDnf )/Rnf )/Rsu Controlled enviorment safe operating distance Rsc 10.7 meters (PDnf )/Rnf )/Rsc 4. On Axis Far Field Calculations 2 Distance to Far Field Region Rf 5.77 meters 0.6 * D / λ 18.93 feet 2 2 On Axis Power Density in the Far Field PDff 110.6 W/m (Ges * P) / (4 * π * Rf ) 2 11.06 mW/cm Does not meet controlled limits Does not meet uncontrolled limits 5. Off-axis Power Density in the Far Field Limit and Beyond 2 2 Antenna Surface Power Density PDs 8.5 W/m (Ges * P) / (4 * π * Rf ) * (Goa/Ges) Goa/Ges at a sample angle of θ=2 degrees 0.077 Goa = 32 - 25*log(θ) 2 0.8 mW/cm 6. Off Axis Power Density in the Near Field and Transitional Region Calculations 2 2 Power Density of Wn/100 for 1 diameter PDs 2.23 W/m [(16 * η *P)/(π * D )] / 100 2 removed 0.223 mW/cm Meets controlled limits Meets Uncontrolled limits 7.0 Off-axis Safe Distances from Earth Station minimum elevation angle of antenna α 10 degree hieght of object to be cleared h 2 meter Groun elevation delta antenna-obstacle elevation ang GD S 10 1.3 meter S=(D/sinα) + (2h - D- 2) / (2tanα) 15 0.9 meter 20 0.7 meter 25 0.6 meter 30 0.5 meter Note: Maximum FCC power density limits for 6GHz is 1mW/cm2 for general population exposure as per FCC OS&T 6

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 1 of 21 II. BBIG45Ku EIRP Spectral Density (ESD) Data PREPARED APPROVED AUTHORIZED R. ELEUTERI F. CIPOLLONI F. ZARGHETTA Antenna Engineer R&D Manager Administrator Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 2 of 21 COPYRIGHT NOTICE © Skytech Copyright in this document is vested in Skytech (herein after referred to as Skytech) and it may not be copied or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied or disclosed to any third party without the express written authority of Skytech. This document is intended for the use of the recipient only and may be used only in connection with work carried out for or on behalf of Skytech. The unauthorised retention or destruction of this document, or the disclosure of its contents to any unauthorised person, is forbidden. Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 3 of 21 Table of Contents 1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Customer documents ........................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Applicable standards ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Skytech documents ........................................................................................................................... 6 3 ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................................ 7 4 ESD Data .................................................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Horizontal polarization ESD ............................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Vertical Polarization ESD ................................................................................................................. 15 4.3 Input and Output maximum ESD ..................................................................................................... 21 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: ESD limits superimposed to the Azimut co-polar cuts ....................................................................... 8 Figure 2: ESD limits superimposed to the Elevation co-polar cuts.................................................................... 8 Figure 3: ESD limits superimposed to the cross-polar cuts ............................................................................... 8 Figure 4: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) .......................................................... 9 Figure 5: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) - zoom .............................................. 9 Figure 6: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Hpol, Elevation cut) .................................................... 10 Figure 7: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) ........................................................ 10 Figure 8: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) – zoom ........................................... 11 Figure 9: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Hpol, Elevation cut) .................................................... 11 Figure 10: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) ...................................................... 12 Figure 11: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) - zoom .......................................... 12 Figure 12: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Hpol, Elevation cut) .................................................. 13 Figure 13: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) ...................................................... 13 Figure 14: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) - zoom .......................................... 14 Figure 15: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Hpol, Elevation cut) .................................................. 14 Figure 16: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) ...................................................... 15 Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 4 of 21 Figure 17: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) - zoom .......................................... 15 Figure 18: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Vpol, Elevation cut)................................................... 16 Figure 19: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) ...................................................... 16 Figure 20: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) - zoom .......................................... 17 Figure 21: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Vpol, Elevation cut)................................................... 17 Figure 22: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) ...................................................... 18 Figure 23: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) - zoom .......................................... 18 Figure 24: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Vpol, Elevation cut)................................................... 19 Figure 25: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) ...................................................... 19 Figure 26: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) - zoom .......................................... 20 Figure 27: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Vpol, Elevation cut)................................................... 20 TABLE OF TABLES Table 1: Recap of maximum input and output ESD ....................................................................................... 21 Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 5 of 21 REVISIONS LOG REV CHANGE ORDER DATE DESCRIPTION AUTHOR 1.0 n/a 2017/11/30 First edition R. Eleuteri Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 6 of 21 1 SCOPE This document summarizes the BBIG45Ku performance in terms of maximum allowable EIRP Spectral Density (ESD) as per the applicable FCC regulations. 2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 Customer documents N/A 2.2 Applicable standards [AD1] FCC 25.227 - Blanket licensing provisions for ESAAs operating with GSO FSS space stations in the 10.95-11.2 GHz, 11.45-11.7 GHz, 11.7-12.2 GHz, and 14.0-14.5 GHz bands. 2.3 Skytech documents N/A Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 7 of 21 3 ACRONYMS Abbreviation Meaning AZ Azimut EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power EL Elevation ESD EIRP Spectral Density Hpol Horizontal Polarization OMT Ortho-Mode Transducer Vpol Vertical Polarization Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 8 of 21 4 ESD Data The BBIG45Ku ESD performance has been assessed with respect to the FCC 25.227 standard considering the four transmitting frequencies 13.75 GHz, 14.00 GHz, 14.25 GHz and 14.50 GHz, in both the Horizontal and Vertical polarization. The antenna radiation patterns used for the ESD patterns calculation have been measured at the test facilities of “Politecnico di Torino” University. The computed ESD patterns are reported in the following sections with the superimposition of the limit masks provided in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 (applied to Azimut co-polar cuts, Elevation co-polar cuts and Azimut & Elevation cross-polar cuts, respectively). Figure 1: ESD limits superimposed to the Azimut co-polar cuts Figure 2: ESD limits superimposed to the Elevation co-polar cuts Figure 3: ESD limits superimposed to the cross-polar cuts Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 9 of 21 4.1 Horizontal polarization ESD Figure 4: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) Figure 5: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) - zoom Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 10 of 21 Figure 6: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Hpol, Elevation cut) Figure 7: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 11 of 21 Figure 8: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) – zoom Figure 9: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Hpol, Elevation cut) Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 12 of 21 Figure 10: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) Figure 11: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) - zoom Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 13 of 21 Figure 12: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Hpol, Elevation cut) Figure 13: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 14 of 21 Figure 14: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Hpol, Azimut cut) - zoom Figure 15: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Hpol, Elevation cut) Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 15 of 21 4.2 Vertical Polarization ESD Figure 16: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) Figure 17: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) - zoom Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 16 of 21 Figure 18: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @13.75 GHz (Vpol, Elevation cut) Figure 19: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 17 of 21 Figure 20: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) - zoom Figure 21: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.00 GHz (Vpol, Elevation cut) Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 18 of 21 Figure 22: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) Figure 23: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) - zoom Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 19 of 21 Figure 24: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.25 GHz (Vpol, Elevation cut) Figure 25: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 20 of 21 Figure 26: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Vpol, Azimut cut) - zoom Figure 27: Co-polar and cross-polar ESD @14.50 GHz (Vpol, Elevation cut) Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

Cod. S007KU045-SYS-03-0007NT Rev. 1.0 Date 30/11/2017 Page 21 of 21 4.3 Input and Output maximum ESD Table 1 shows the maximum input and output ESD computed on the basis of the ESD patterns reported in the previous sections, highlighting the worst case. The input ESD is intended as applied to the coaxial port of the OMT. Table 1: Recap of maximum input and output ESD Frequency (GHz) Polarization Max Input ESD (dBW/4 kHz) Max Output ESD (dBW/4 kHz) 13.75 H -21.4 12.2 13.75 V -21.7 11.6 14.00 H -22.7 10.9 14.00 V -21.7 11.6 14.25 H -21.6 12.2 14.25 V -22.7 11.0 14.50 H -21.3 12.8 14.50 V -20.8 13.2 Skytech is the owner of this document. All rights reserved.

III. Gain Patterns of SkyTech BBIG45Ku antenna. ID TRGD04_12/17 Authors G. Dassano Date 29/12/2017 Version 1 Classification (*) CO Summary: This report deals with the measurements of the radiation pattern of a sample of the parabolic reflector antenna BBIG45Ku manufactured by SkyTeck, operating in Ku band: The measurements were carried out in November 2017 in the Politecnico di Torino Antenna Laboratory (LACE). Measurements of radiation patterns have been carried out on the two transmission and the two reception antenna ports, for H and V polarizations, at two frequencies bands; in the frequency range 10.95-12.75 GHz (RX) and in the frequency range 13.75-14.5 GHz (TX). *Classification: PU-Public, LI-Limited, CO-Company Confidential 1

Document history Version Date Description Authors Gain, XPD and patterns in RX and December 1 TX band for V and H polarizations G. Dassano 29, 2017 (1st draft) Distribution list Name Company R. Eleuteri SkyTech G. Dassano Politecnico di Torino R. Maggiora Politecnico di Torino M. Orefice Politecnico di Torino 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS page 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Measurements facilities description 5 2.1 Gain and pattern measurements 5 3. Measurements procedures 8 3.1 Gain measurement 8 3.2 Radiation pattern measurements 8 3.3 Raster scan measurements 8 4. Pictures of the measurement campaign 9 5. Gain and XPD measurements, TX / RX Bands 10 6. Radiation Pattern Measurements 12 6.1: Radiation patterns in RX band (10.95-12.75 GHz) 12 6.1.1: V-pol, AZ and EL plane plots 12 6.1.2: H-pol, AZ and EL plane plots 17 6.2: Radiation patterns in TX band (13.75-14.5 GHz) 22 6.2.1: V-pol, AZ and EL plane plots 22 6.2.2: H-pol, AZ and EL plane plots 30 3

1. INTRODUCTION In this document are reported the results of the tests (carried out on November 2017) on a 30cm parabolic reflector antenna for Ku band satellite communication, indicated as BBIG45Ku, manufactured by SkyTech. The antenna has a circular aperture with a diameter of 45 cm. For this antenna the results shown in this report are: In the RX and TX bands: the frequency swept maximum gain for the co-polarization on axis, and the XPD factor evaluated on axis. The radiation pattern cuts (co- and cross-polarization) in the principal (Azimuth and Elevation) planes:  in RX band, in the angular range ±180° for AZ and ±30° for EL planes, and both polarizations ports (H and V), at 3 frequencies: 10.95, 11.85 and 12.75 GHz;  in TX band, in the angular range ±180° for AZ and ±30° for EL planes, and both polarizations ports (H and V), at 4 frequencies, 250MHz spaced, from 13.75 to 14.5 GHz; All the measurements were carried out in LACE’s outdoor far field test range, with a distance SRC-AUT of 150 m. 2. MEASUREMENTS FACILITIES DESCRIPTION 2.1 Gain and pattern measurements The measurements have been performed in the outdoor test range of the Laboratory (see fig.1). The present test range, who has replaced the old one used since the early ‘60es for pioneering works on space antennas, has been supplied from MI Technologies (formerly Scientific Atlanta) and installed in February 2008. In this test range the Antenna Under Test (AUT), used as receiver, and the Source (SRC) are placed on the roof of two different buildings, the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications and the Department of Control and Computer Engineering. The two buildings are far apart (more than 150 m) without obstacles in between, and the height of both AUT and SRC is 30 m above the ground; the range is schematically shown in fig.1 (plan and elevation). It is also possible to use a SRC at a slightly lower level, to reduce the scattering from the back of the range. Due to the elevated range, there are many Fresnel zones without obstacles. The effects of the reflection on the ground can be removed by a time windowing, with some directivity of the source and also considering that the incidence angle on the ground is near to the Brewster angle. 4

Test range Sect roofion Fig.1: Plan view and vertical section of the outdoor test range The design frequency interval is 100 MHz-50 GHz (the upgrade from 20 to 40 GHz has been added in 2011; from 40 to 50 GHz in 2015). The distance between SRC and AUT allows to test antennas up to 0.7m diameter at 40 GHz; at lower frequencies the maximum size in meters is given by D4.7/f½, where f is the frequency in GHz. Corrections procedures are also available should the distance be less than 2D 2/λ. The dynamic range is around 90 dB (depending on the frequency). The receiver can handle up to 16 measurements channels, with external switching system, and 1 reference channel measured simultaneously with each signal channel, with 100 dB isolation Channel to Channel (110 dB . Reference Channel to Signal Channel). The accuracy in amplitude (Logarithmic mode) is ±.050dB/10 dB over the full dynamic range (excluding effects of temperature, cross-talk and noise) and ±0.4 °/10 dB in phase over full dynamic range; the noise figure is 17 dB at 0.1 to 18 GHz. The most recent calibration of the whole system has been in June 2014. The positioning system of the AUT is a 3-axis system (roll over azimuth over elevation), consisting of: MI53150 Az/El and MI6111 rotary positioner (see fig.2, left). The Az/El accuracies are respectively 0.03° and 0.05° with max load 1136 kg and bending moment 3390 N·m; the roll accuracy is 0.05° with max load 455 kg and bending moment 678 N·m. As a practical guideline, the system can measure antennas up to 2m in size and to 70 kg in weight: actual limits depend however on the shape of the antenna. This positioning system allows to take pattern cuts as well as raster scan of the pattern, and to measure circular and linear polarization.. Examples of measured radiation patterns are shown in fig. 3. The full system cabling diagram is shown in fig. 4. As source antennas standard gain horns are used. Measurement accuracy for secondary lobe is estimated in about in ±1 dB; for gain in about ±0.5 dB 5

Fig.2: Outdoor test range: the AUT mount (left) and the upper SRC mount (right). Fig.3: Examples of radiation patterns measured in the Outdoor Test Range. 6

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3. MEASUREMENTS PROCEDURES 3.1 Gain measurement The standard procedure for this type of measurement is the “substitution method”. The Antenna Under Test (AUT) operates in reception. The maximum signal level received (at all ports) from the AUT, pointed with the maximum to the source antenna, is measured, with a frequency sweep in the required frequency band. Then the AUT is replaced by a Standard Gain Horn antenna (SGH) with known gain, with the maximum to the source antenna, and again the maximum signal level received from is recorded. The Gain of the AUT is derived from the simple formula (in dB) GAUT = GSGH + (PrAUT - PrSGH) The gain vs frequency is plotted in Cartesian plot, in dB scale. 3.2. Radiation pattern measurements Since the patterns are required in various phi-cuts (azimuth, elevation) as well as in a raster scan around the main beam, the standard procedure is to measure, at discrete frequencies, the received power from the AUT from each port, when transmitting from the source three different linear polarizations (V and H). The radiation patterns are plotted in dB scale, in the desired angular range. 8

4. Pictures of the measurement campaign. Fig.5: Antenna BBIG45Ku mounted on AUT positioner. 9

5. Gain and XPD measurements , TX / RX Bands. 10

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6. Radiation Pattern Measurements. 6.1: Radiation patterns in RX band (10.95-12.75 GHz) . 6.1.1: V-pol, AZ and EL plane plots. 12

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6.1.2: H-pol, AZ and EL plane plots. 17

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6.2: Radiation patterns in TX band (13.75-14.5 GHz) . 6.2.1: V-pol, AZ and EL plane plots. 22

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6.2.2: H-pol, AZ and EL plane plots. 30

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Document Created: 2018-02-12 12:29:47
Document Modified: 2018-02-12 12:29:47
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