Attachment SBIR Grant 2009

This document pretains to SES-STA-20130901-00771 for Special Temporal Authority on a Satellite Earth Station filing.

IBFS_SESSTA2013090100771_1009919

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 THE UTILIZATION OF A REGIONAL SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM AS A PROXY TO SIMULATE THE SITUATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF GROUND SOLDIERS 1.1 IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF OPPORTUNITY The objective of the proposed research is to explore the potential of coupled human and natural systems as a means to simulate the situational behavior of ground soldiers for modeling purposes. The goal of the project is to use a regional social-ecological system in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco as a proxy within the real stresses of the planet to represent the situational behavior of a combat soldier under real conditions. This approach is unique in its use of a regional system to study behavior of the individual under real conditions and coupled human and natural systems is an effective heuristic to accomplish this task. The coupled human and natural systems approach enables a more accurate deconstruction of situational behavior through magnification of the process to a regional scale and allows a clearer understanding of the mechanics involved in the decision making of ground soldiers to emerge. The goal of this Phase I proposal is to explore these processes in the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco in the Winter 2008 among the Tamazghir Berber. The Phase I research is intended to study regional social-ecological behavior within the real stresses of the planet and will statistically inform a predictive model intended for the development of a simulation program. This research is also part of an ongoing project associated with the International Honor Society for Geography to study regional social-ecology and is intended to result in a publication (already accepted and pending revision) for the Geographic Bulletin on human-environmental vulnerability in the Tamazghir Region (1). The Phase II goal is the development of computer software program that will simulate situational behavior and also a weapon system that enables induced regime change according to strategic decision-making. This proposal will demonstrate that, 1) coupled human and natural systems is an effective paradigm to understand behavioral processes such as situational awareness and understanding, 2) Symptom Antidote Solutions, L.L.C. is the most appropriate research firm to conduct this research. Until now, the thresholds of regime change have been conceptualized as theoretical points at which coupled human and natural systems develop (2, 3) and have been used to model the behavior of a coupled human and natural system (3, 4). Symptom Antidote Solutions, L.L.C. is a pioneer in the field of geographic research and has distinguished itself because of the ability to study these processes in-situ and with empirical accuracy (5, 6, 7). This is critical because the study of social-ecological systems, within their natural context, enables the processes of Transgression-Tensility™ to be deconstructed statistically within the real stresses of survival as they occur. Transgression-Tensility™ is defined as the mechanical function by which natural selection occurs as the natural stresses in the global ecosystem are demonstrated through a dynamic process of change in these social-ecological systems. Statistically accurate in-situ research has eluded modern geographic science and this may only be avoided through increased effort and the ability to examine the subject from a neutral empirical perspective. Situational understanding and awareness are important components of situational behavior (8) although decision-making under conditions of uncertainty, as it relates to the ground soldier, may best be modeled through use of an existing and appropriate regional social-ecological system such as the Berber of Morocco within a framework of coupled human and natural systems. 3

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 This work is built largely upon research from Geography and Ecology, especially the sub- disciplines that deal with change as it relates to culture and the environment. Cultural and environmental changes are critical factors with regard to decision making and situational understanding because they may be used as heuristics by which to measure necessary actions and behavior at scale. The ground soldier faces the task of monitoring both endogenous and exogenous change as it occurs at scale and situational awareness is directly correlated with the ability to accomplish this task. Recent works in Geography and Ecology have sufficiently challenged assumptions that change is strictly a social process and strategies of situational behavior may best be simulated and monitored if change may be modeled as a natural process. In this manner, decision making may be viewed as an integral part of a natural process within the context in which it occurs, as the literature on situational awareness suggests (8). Yet, this process of interaction with the environment, the dialectical relationship between nature and culture, has been thoroughly examined within the geographic literature and may be modeled through simulation programs with the development of a system based on natural ecological functions. To these ends, Symptom Antidote Solutions, L.L.C. has developed The Gap-Burden Method®, a research framework by which change and decision making may be studied and measured according to Transgression-Tensility™(6). This framework requires additional statistical data in order to develop a complex algorithm by which situational behavior may be forecast and decision making strategy developed to improve situational awareness. This Phase I proposal addresses this objective and will fund ongoing research in North Africa in which High Atlas Mountain cultures and environments are studied to understand the mechanical and scalar dynamics of regional social-ecological change and situational behavior through use of The Gap- Burden Method® (1). The study of individual behavior within its context may be strongly correlated with the behavior of social-ecological systems at scale and recent works in Geography contribute to this notion through assertion that humans are components of ecosystems (5) and that these coupled systems are inextricable from natural processes (6). The major argument that remains within the discipline in this regard is the means by which these coupled systems develop and change over time. According to Butzer (9), “It is therefore possible to view civilizations as ecosystems that emerge in response to sets of ecological opportunities…econiches to be exploited. Over a span of time, a variety of internal (social) and external (environmental) adjustments will inevitably take place; some of these will be „successful‟…others ‟retrograde‟.” Research by Symptom Antidote Solutions, L.L.C. has demonstrated that these adjustments occur according to Transgression- Tensility™ in which natural stresses in the global ecosystem and the social-ecological systems that comprise it may be indentified and measured as a dynamic process of change (6). Additionally, the success or failure of this movement in terms of natural selection and survival of the fittest is relative to socially constructed sets of knowledge which may be measured according to a normative/pragmatic scale through Post-Structural Deconstruction™. In this manner, normative/pragmatic decision making and any uncertainty by ground soldiers may properly be framed within the context of military ideology and analyzed through The Gap-Burden Method®. The use of a regional social-ecological system as a proxy for individual behavior as it competes within a context of survival is innovative and this proposal also represents an opportunity to further the empirical capability of American Geography. 4

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 1.2 BACKGROUND Symptom Antidote Solutions, L.L.C., founded in 2007, has already demonstrated leadership in the field of coupled human and natural systems research especially as it pertains to the context in which situational behavior and awareness may be measured. This proposal is addressed to the United States Army, as opposed to other funding agencies, for two main reasons: 1) the Army demonstrates an intimate understanding of the potential for such research with regard to scientific integrity and scope due to their own involvement in global conflict, 2) coupled human and natural systems tend to be volatile phenomena because they represent the nexus of human competition and survival and therefore remains an ideal unattainable to the civilian funding agencies. These reasons also offer an introduction to the context in which the ground soldier makes their decisions and places these decisions and situational awareness within a framework for analysis. This context is volatile, represents the actual couple of human-environmental relations and also helps to explain the ground soldier‟s presence in that situation. This explanation may be understood as a product of the social-ecological process to provide supply and demand for cultural-environmental reproduction whose outcomes may be forecast through the cultural explications that result. These explications, those of a social-ecological system such as the Tamazghir Berber or those of a ground soldier in a combat situation, represent information regarding the situational understanding and are useful indicators regarding the directional development of that system that may be used in simulation models. 1.3 The Gap-Burden Method®, Transgression-Tensility™ and Post-Structural Deconstruction™ The Gap-Burden Method® was developed in order to address specific shortcomings in the fields of Development Studies and Geography that led to failed predictive capability, namely: 1) Tools, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), failed to adequately grasp the complexities of human-environmental change through incorporation of the necessary social and physical factors, 2) Accurate indicators of global change were misunderstood because they lie within a social and physical hyperreality that obscures the truth and their proper identification, 3) Endogenous epistemologies were forced upon studies of human-environmental change that inevitably skewed the results unevenly toward the interests of the researcher. The Gap-Burden Method® enabled the empirically neutral examination of human-environmental change, or the change (gap) in time verses effort (burden) to change, through the use of Post-Structural Deconstruction™. Post- structural refers to a philosophy that emphasizes a reality in which socially constructed rules may be disregarded in favor of natural selection and deconstruction is the process during which this occurs. This approach should also receive further attention which would greatly contribute to empirical scientific study as well as research in rationality because its empirically neutral position helps in the deconstruction of behavior. The Gap-Burden Method® refers to the mechanics of the process by which human-environmental change occurs and Transgression- Tensility™ refers to the function of the process. This method is intended for the development of social-ecological behavioral models that may be used to predict outcomes of social-ecological encounters at scale for combat and logistical purposes. 5

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 2.1 TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES Symptom Antidote Solutions, LLC holds the trademarks for three components that enable this research: The Gap-Burden Method®, Transgression-Tensility™ and Post-Structural Deconstruction™. The research hypothesizes that social-ecological systems behave according to the inherent and natural tensile stresses within nature which may be measured according to their dynamic characteristic. This hypothesis was demonstrated in research conducted in New England and published in 2006 (7), the American Range and published in 2007 (6) and in Morocco and accepted for publication in 2007 (1). The Phase I technical objectives are intended to explore this natural phenomenon in more detail and in greater depth as it occurs in-situ in order to understand and simulate the situational behavior of ground soldiers. Tensile analysis is common as a means of analyzing dynamic mechanical processes (10) and is preferred because it measures extensional forces within deformational environments such as global change. Extension has often been used to measure other processes found within the Earth Sciences, such as tectonics, although its application to Global Change is new. This approach deserves encouragement because similar patterns of stress may be found throughout social and physical processes at scale and further examination may have profound implication for science. These natural stresses do induce explication and change at a local level that may be monitored and measured as situational behavior in order to inform the model. The objectives of this proposal are to measure the dynamic characteristics of an existing social-ecological system as it behaves in-situ and correlate these characteristics with the situational behavior of ground soldiers for simulation purposes. Changes in situational behavior are indicators of Transgression-Tensility™ which may be calculated as a product of the gap from one temporal state to another and the burden required for the transition (1, 6). This method was used during research in Wyoming on regional change in the American Range and Figures 1 and 2 demonstrate the results. This methodology can be used to simulate the situational behavior of ground soldiers and the use of a regional social-ecological system assists in deconstruction of the process at scale. As Figures 1 and 2 demonstrate, the situational behavior of social-ecological systems may be understood according to the context in which they occur and measured within a framework of analysis. Within the research area in the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco, preliminary research by the lead scientist has discovered the existence of a Berber cultural tradition called Leff. Leff are the political connections that may be used to test the integrity of regional behavior in light of the driving forces of change (Figures 3 and 4) and also used as a proxy to measure changes in regional Transgression-Tensility™. The preliminary study, and Figures 3 and 4, demonstrate that as Leff connections are tested and altered within the driving forces of change, expressions of geopiety are explicated through forms of cultural discourse that may be used as accurate indicators of regional change (1). Preliminary field work in 1999-2000 enabled the collection of over sixteen hours of Ahidous recordings and interviews with Tamazghir Ahidous poets in the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. This proposal is addressed, in part, to complete this work with a reliable translation of these recordings in order to provide an indication of the directional development at the nexus of the social-ecological struggle. Further exploration of this subject during the Phase I research would enable verification of this methodology so that the Phase II hardware can be constructed based on its findings. 6

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 3.1 PHASE I WORK PLAN The Phase I work plan is threefold: 1) A preparation stage in the United States, that includes the establishment of contacts in Morocco to assist in the field work, purchase of equipment for field work and the development of an empirical framework that will be used in Morocco to measure the data, 2) A month long field work stage in Morocco that includes archival work in Marrakech, identification and measurement of Transgression-Tensility™ in-situ within the study site in the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco, 3) An analysis stage in the United States that includes development of a correlatory model between Transgression-Tensility™ and situational behavior of ground soldiers and the resubmission of a scientific article (previously accepted and pending revision) for the Geographical Bulletin. These objectives can only be achieved through development of a statistical model based on the behavior of the region as a coupled human and natural system as well as the associated algorithms on which to base these tools. This is a significant accomplishment because an accurate record of these processes has until now remained elusive in Behavioral Science. This may lead to an accumulation of error within the technical process, and subsequent intelligence failure such as occurred in 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina. An understanding of induced regime change is within the grasp of current science in coupled human and natural systems although the leap to software and hardware that will enable this at a combat level remains elusive. This proposal addresses this issue in the work plan to deconstruct the behavior of coupled human and natural systems at a scale that provides sufficient data for the statistical Phase I model and Phase II tools. The Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco is an appropriate venue for this research because of familiarity by the researchers with the region (1) and a successful Phase I base expedition may be followed with a Phase I option expedition for further research. 3.2 Identification of Transgression-Tensility™ In-Situ In-situ Transgression-Tensility™ is identifiable within the landscape as indication of change (1) and will be identified for Phase I research through field work in Morocco. The field work will be divided into two sections, 1) archival work in which dialogues with Berber locals, recorded during previous research in the region, are translated at Cadi-Ayad University in Marrakech, 2) ground-truth of documented changes in the regional culture and ecology of the Central High Atlas Mountains through fieldwork in the region. Change is a reliable source of data to study the gap between social-ecological regimes as well as the burden to change from one social- ecological state or regime to another. The identification of change, in-situ, is crucial for the establishment of an empirical model that will indicate the regional directional development as well as provide an acceptable understanding of the process. As such, the region was chosen initially because it provides a good example of a complex cultural-ecological space that is also pressured by political-economic forces. This complexity provides a good scientific heuristic to study behavior and therefore relate the statistical model to the behavior of coupled physical and human systems as well as a proxy for the situational behavior of a ground soldier. Transgression- Tensility™ is identified through the Leff connections, related explications of cultural geopiety and also evident in the documented changes in the regional landscape. These indicators provide clues for the way in which social-ecological entities, either regional systems or individual soldiers, react in conditions of reality. These reactions, either according to regional vulnerability or localized situational awareness and understanding, remain to be analyzed further. 7

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 3.3 Identification and Measurement of Transgression-Tensility™ In-Situ The in-situ Transgression-Tensility™ will be measured through use of The Gap-Burden Method® in which change in social-ecological systems is calculated through development of a Gap-Burden Index (GBI). This has been accomplished within a previous published study on the American Range (6) and will indicate the directional development of the regional social-ecology for modeling purposes. The Gap-Burden Method® is the most sophisticated tool for this mission because of its ability to sustain the stress within the hyperreal driving forces of global change as well as measure the Transgression-Tensility™ without losing any scientific integrity. Measurement of Transgression-Tensility™ is calculated through the derivation of statistical proxy for conditions of reality based on qualitative data compared with quantitative data from the physical environment. This calculation is repeated through a process of sifting until the iterations succeed to identify the direction that Transgression-Tensility™ will occur which enables the development of an index on which to base a predictive model. The index is the product of a statistical measure of the directional development of the social-ecological system or cultural landscape and also provides clues regarding regional sustainability at scale. The use of Tamazghir, a Berber region in the Central High Atlas Mountains, as proxy for situational awareness and understanding in ground soldiers should indicate that normative structural forces periodically (stochastically) succumb to a pragmatic natural force. In this manner, coupled human and natural systems are themselves a processes of mediation in which the explication is consumed by the environmental forces (7) thus shedding light on the situational behavior, awareness and understanding of the ground soldier. 3.4 Correlation of Transgression-Tensility™ In-Situ with Situational Behavior The more dominant approaches to the study of global change tend to miss the hyperreal scales, both macro and micro, at which the reliable indicators occur and therefore the agent based models (11) and trajectories of change (12) err relative to actual outcomes. This proposal and Phase I research addresses this error through utilization of The Gap-Burden Method®, which was constructed to pinpoint the indicators of change relative to a Post-structural reality and serve as an accurate alternative to existing models. Transgression-Tensility™ is an approach to the study of ecological succession and falls under the heading of change in time-series analysis. This form of time-series analysis challenges existing models of change in Ecology and Geography because the logic of Transgression-Tensility™ argues that the disturbance factors are natural forces and Post-Structural Deconstruction™ enables the process to evolve thoroughly through multiple stable states for opportunistic management (13, 14). This approach is compatible with existing state and transition ecological models and the Post-structural framework encourages the subject‟s development to progress unhindered which reveals the situational behavior (Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4). In this manner, the critical succession events that accompany decision making in ground soldiers may be simulated with a complex array of Gap-Burden Indices (GBI). Research in coupled human and natural systems indicates that regional social-ecology has manifestations that are empirically measurable within their context and that this behavior may be correlated to the behavior of ground soldiers under stress (4, 6). This model may also be used to inform Political and Strategic Science in their efforts to understand strategic balance and political-economic strategies (15, 16). 8

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 4.1 RELATED WORK This work is related to ongoing projects by Symptom Antidote Solutions, LLC to develop a computational software program that correctly simulates the behavior of social-ecological systems within real conditions. This software is intended for both a public commercial application aimed at market forecasting and medical research as well as a private governmental application for military logistics and national security planning. The intention is to challenge the existing simulation packages in business geographics, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), that tend to provide impressive aesthetic products but prove inaccurate with regard to actual predictive capability. The overall objectives remain the advancement of American Geography from a normative experience to a modern science, which appears problematic at the present due largely to the politics of environment. To these ends, Symptom Antidote Solutions, LLC is working towards the development of sophisticated tools that will enable environmental conflict and social-ecological outcomes to resolve themselves more readily through the accurate forecast of actual futures. This work began in the mid-nineties through examination of regional landscape change in New England (7) and continued into the early 21st century with a more in- depth look at the more mechanical functions by which this change occurs in the Wyoming Range (6). The current research project in the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco among the Tamazghir Berber is intended to continue and deconstruct the mechanical functions of social- ecological change but more specifically to forecast a future for the region. This type of forecast is intended to assist with regional development and development projects in the region and may also be used to simulate the situational behavior of ground soldiers. 5.1 RELATIONSHIP WITH FUTURE RESEARCH This work is related to future research in the development of a reliable tool that provides predictive capability for defense and security interests. This tool is especially powerful for economic theoretical modeling as well as a real time military planning because of its ability to incorporate social and physical data. This application is also intended to provide support for further advances in the Geographical Sciences. These advances are significant because they are aimed at the border between the social and physical sciences which currently claim weaknesses specifically due to the difficulty in establishing their relationship. This will be accomplished through promotion of The Gap-Burden Method® as a reliable means to make the connection between the social and physical sciences which will be more apparent with the development of the software package. Future research in this area of coupled human and natural systems should prove interesting with regard to the directional development of the couple itself and the software package will assist greatly in the research. Additionally, the research would intend to examine the potential for a weapon system based on the principles of ecological warfare in which regime thresholds may be manipulated. This would require the thorough examination of Transgression- Tensility™ as it occurs naturally in-situ in order to understand the directional development of social-ecological struggles and in order to develop a complex array of Gap-Burden Indices (GBI) for the model. This array represents a leap forward in research on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the beginning of a new generation in biotically**proprietary** based technologies. The Phase I grant would greatly assist toward these ends and further the ability of the United States of America to defend its strategic interests and provide a sustainable future for the American people. 9

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 6.1 COMMERCIALIZATION STRATEGY The commercialization strategy for the products that result from the Phase II research is intended for the two directions that the research inherently takes: 1) The direction of military applications that include combat simulation software tools, regime change weapon system and artificial intelligence chip, 2) The direction of civilian applications that include market and medical forecast software tools. This project will invariably require substantial time in order to properly move in the direction intended, which is to drive the computer industry into real-time biotic**proprietary** capabilities. This requires the in-situ knowledge derived from this Phase I research and Symptom Antidote Solutions, LLC is one of the only companies capable of providing the framework and data for the necessary statistical work. The Gap-Burden Method® not only provides the proper scientific and empirical framework to analyze the social-ecological data but Symptom Antidote Solutions, LLC can provide the necessary data to construct dependable algorithms for this project. This is not true of the competitors and the commercialization strategy matches both confidence of the company as well as market readiness for the envisioned products, which are sophisticated, and represent the next generation of computing. To these ends, this commercialization strategy speaks of simultaneous plans to ready the market for this next generation of computer technology. This can be accomplished through contact with the computer and software industry while the Phase II research is underway, especially with regard to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and computer chip manufacture. This endeavor will invariably require multiple Phase II grants to achieve its full capacity but can almost certainly be accomplished with two Phase II grants and within five years. The capabilities represented in this move speak to a new generation of smart weaponry beyond current capabilities and that remain not only elusive but out of the reach of the competition. Symptom Antidote Solutions, LLC named this project ECLIPSE because it represents the ability to win wars and it is intended to be commercially marketed in two directions. First, SOLAR ECLIPSE is the military application and will be marketed to the United States Armed Forces and United States allied militaries through Defense contracts in order to provide real time capability for military strategy as well as assist in coordinating ally efforts. Second, LUNAR ECLIPSE is the civilian application and will be marketed to the public in order to provide accurate forecast capability in economic markets and medical research. LUNAR ECLIPSE can be marketed commercially in the public sector with no security risk and made available at the local retail level and also sold online. This represents a major advantage to consumers, medical practitioners, real estate developers and the business community in their ability to understand and manage their charge. SOLAR ECLIPSE will require a strict classified status due to its nature and capability and its commercialization to foreign nations must fall under the Department of Defense contract system in accordance with national security policy. The development of biotic**proprietary** chips must initially be accomplished under a strict security clearance regime but eventually can be commercialized for civilian use. This will undoubtedly assist in medical research which faces the difficult task of representing biological realities through the existing technologies. The commercialization of these chips to the public is envisioned only within fifteen to twenty years due to its nature and potential for military applications. 10

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 7.1 KEY PERSONNEL Neil M. Manspeizer Lead Scientist Education M.A., Geography, Clark University, M.A., 2002 B.A., Middle Eastern Studies, Rutgers University, N.J., 1995 Current Position Neil Manspeizer is the founder and President of Symptom Antidote Solutions L.L.C. and a leader in modern American Geography. Mr. Manspeizer founded the company following a dispute within academia during work toward his PhD in Geography. The discipline has since divided along epistemological lines and Symptom Antidote Solutions L.L.C. seeks to emerge in the 21st century economic terrain as a leader in business geographics through use of The Gap- Burden Method®. Relevant Experience Mr. Manspeizer is a member of the International Honor Society for Geography since 2007 and has spent more than twenty years working first hand in International Development in North America, Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Prior to this he served as a member of the Israeli Army Special Forces (SSgt NCO, IDF, Res.) where he received a personal commendation from the Head of Israeli Military Intelligence for his service. Mr. Manspeizer‟s B.A. is in Middle Eastern Studies, where he graduated with honors and Phi Beta Kappa from Rutgers University and his M.A. is in Geography from Clark University. He has first authored three scientific publications in Geography and is currently revising a fourth article accepted for publication on this subject in the Geographical Bulletin. He has taught short courses on GIS and Remote Sensing in the United States and abroad and presented his findings at annual and regional conferences of the American Association of Geography. Key Publications Manspeizer, N. Modeling Vulnerability in the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco through Berber Ahidous Poetry. Geographical Bulletin . Accepted for publication, May 2008. Manspeizer, N. 2007. Modeling the Hyperreal Dimension with The Gap-Burden Method™: Social-Ecological Change in the Laramie Range, Wyoming and the Asymmetry of Time. The Middle States Geographer 40: 88-95. Manspeizer, N. 2006. Mediation of the Functional-Aesthetic Landscape in New England: New Braintree, Massachusetts and the Identity of Place. The Middle States Geographer 39: 84-92. Manspeizer, N., A. Karnieli, Y. Arkin and J. Chorowicz. 2001. Analyzing Potential Cliff Erosivity from ERS-SAR Satellite Imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 22 (5): 196-216. 11

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 7.2 Key Personnel continued Dr. Warren Manspeizer Advisory Scientist Education PhD., Geology, Rutgers University, N.J., 1963 M.S., Geology, West Virginia University, W.V. 1958 B.S., Geology, The City College of New York, N.Y., 1956 Current Position Dr. Manspeizer is Professor Emeritus of Rutgers University (NCAS) since 2005, where he taught Geology and Earth Sciences in the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences for 48 years. Dr. Manspeizer also served as Associate Dean for Academic Studies of the College of Arts and Sciences from 1970-1971 and was the Chairman of the Geology Department from 1971-1977. He has published over 75 scientific articles in the Geological Sciences including many important papers on Pangeaen Rifting and the Stratigraphy of the Triassic and Jurassic. Relevant Experience: Dr. Manspeizer has served as consultant and visiting researcher in an advisory role in over 30 opportunities including at DeBeers Mine operations in South Africa, the National Science Foundation, Petrobas Petroleum in Brazil, Texaco Research Company, Penn State University and the Israeli Geological Survey. His credits include editor of an important two volume work on the origin of the Atlantic Ocean published by Elsevier Press in 1988 and editor of a field study guide to New Jersey Geology published by the New York State Geological Association in 1980. His work in the early 1970‟s as part of National Science Foundation grant to study the Geology of Morocco places Dr. Manspeizer amongst a handful of pioneers in modern American Geology. In 1980 he was chosen to serve as president of the New York State Geological Association and he served as Chairman of the Geology Section at the New York Academy of Sciences from 1981- 1982. He has participated in field studies in Zambia, South Africa, China, Jordan, Ethiopia, Israel, Kenya, Burundi, Brazil and Morocco, been invited to lecture at over forty international academic symposia on Geology and raised over $150,000.00 in grant money for his research during his tenure. Key Publications Cousminer, H.C. and Manspeizer, W. 1976. Triassic Pollen Data Moroccan High Atlas and the Incipient rifting of Pangaea as Middle Carnian. Science 191: 943-945. Manspeizer, W. Cousminer, H. and J. Puffer. 1978. The Separation of Morocco and Eastern North America: A Triassic-Jurassic Stratigraphic Record. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 89: 901-920. Manspeizer, W. (ed.). 1980. Field Studies in the Geology of New Jersey. Rutgers University. NJ: New York State Geological Association. Manspeizer, W. (ed.). 1988. Triassic-Jurassic rifting: Continental Breakup and the Origin of the Atlantic Ocean and Passive Margins. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company. 12

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 8.1 FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT All facilities and equipment will be maintained by Symptom Antidote Solutions L.L.C. and their procurement conducted by the same. The equipment and its purchase for the Phase I research will assist in the fieldwork and analysis for the project and will be the full responsibility of Symptom Antidote Solutions, LLC. The items requested for the fieldwork and analysis portion of the Phase I research are itemized below. The analysis will be conducted at the Symptom Antidote Solutions, LLC office in New Jersey. A Phase II approval will enable the company to seek a larger facility in order to continue work on this subject. 8.2 Equipment Itemization  Computer Equipment o 2 x Sony Vaio AR Series Notebook Computers  4 GB RAM and 640 GB Hard Drive Memory  2 year extended warranty plan  For analysis at home office only o 2 x Sony Vaio 100 MB Portable Hard Drive  For storage requirements o Microsoft Office for Small Business o Norton Antivirus Software  Camping and Fieldwork Gear o Suitable for 2 researchers in the Central High Atlas Mountains in Winter and Spring o 2 x backpack appropriate for hiking and fieldwork o 2 x hiking boots appropriate for hiking and fieldwork o 2 x sleeping bags o 1 x two person tent o 1 x camping Stove  Global Positioning System Unit (GPS) o Garmin Map 60 series unit  Compass and Altimeter Functions o Low profile automobile antenna  Digital Camera o Sony Cyber Shot H-10 o 10 x optical zoom, f/ 3.5-14.4  Other o Maps  Central High Atlas Mountain region purchased in Morocco o Field guides  Flora, Fauna of the Central High Atlas Mountain region 13

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 9.1 CONSULTANTS This Phase I research requires the procurement of one consultant for translation work in Morocco and the procurement of another consultant to assist in fieldwork in the Central High Atlas Mountain region. Both of these consultants will be Moroccan nationals whose exact identity is impossible to ascertain at the moment. This information can only be achieved from investigatory work done in Morocco in order to determine and procure the proper consultant and part of the expenditures from the grant will go to the identification of proper consultant. For the purposes of this proposal, the translation work will be procured through the Faculte de Lettres et des Sciences Humaines at Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech Campus and the field assistant will be procured through the Faculte de Sciences et Techniques at Cadi Ayyad University, Beni Mellal Campus. Cadi ayyad University in Morocco is an nationally recognized center of learning and higher education and a center of Tamzghir Berber culture in Morocco. Symptom Antidote Solutions, LLC has previous experience with Cadi Ayyad University and this experience includes in the capacity of visiting lecturer and employer of field assistant/translation staff. 9.2 Consultant one and sub-consultants For the purposes of this proposal, the translation work will be procured through the Faculte de Lettres et des Sciences Humaines at Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech Campus. The goal is to hire a team of translators from the English Department of the University that includes a professor and a staff of students. The translation work includes ten CD-ROMs of Tamazghir Berber poetry and interview with Ahidous poets recorded in 1999 and 2000 in the Central High Atlas Mountain region of Morocco. This translation work will assist in the ability of the research to verify the findings of the study through these invaluable local resources and this expenditure is a necessary part of the research. These recordings are unique and perhaps the only existing recordings of Tamazghir Berber Ahidous that exist and as such should be preserved with the proper translation. 9.3 Consultant Two For the purposes of this proposal, the field work assistant will be procured through the Faculte de Sciences et Techniques at Cadi Ayyad University, Beni Mellal Campus. The goal is to hire an assistant professor from the Garth Sciences Department of the University in order to explore the changes in Central High Atlas Mountain environment. This fieldwork is a necessary function of the research and the consultant will help to indentify environmental changes and verify the findings of the study. 14

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 10.1 PRIOR, CURRENT OR PENDING SUPPORT Symptom Antidote Solutions L.L.C. has no prior, current or pending support for a similar proposal. 15

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 11.1 COST PROPOSAL Phase I - Base 1. Symptom Antidote Solutions, L.L.C. 2. 30 Edgemont Road, West Orange, NJ, 07052 3. Work performed in New Jersey and Morocco 4. THE UTILIZATION OF A REGIONAL SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM AS A PROXY TO SIMULATE THE SITUATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF GROUND SOLDIERS 5. Taxpayer ID: 261-719-202, CAGE code: 54UB1 6. A08-186 : Improving Representation of Situational Awareness in Constructive Combat Simulations 7. $120,000.00 8. Direct Material Costs a1. Purchased parts: $7,000.00 9. N/A 10. Direct Labor a1. Neil Manspeizer, Lead Scientist, 1440 hrs, $25.00/hr, $36,000.00 a2. Warren Manspeizer, Advisory Scientist, 240 hrs, $50.00/hr, $12,000.00 b1. Total direct labor: $48,000.00 11. N/A 12. N/A 13. N/A 14. Travel a. Transportation i. Flights x 2 to Morocco for fieldwork @ $1200/person ($2,200.00) ii. Car Hire in Morocco x 1 month @ $100/ day ($3,000.00) b. Per diem i. Per diem x 2 in Morocco for 1 month @ $30/day/person ($1,800.00) ii. Hotel x 2 in Morocco for 1 month @ $150/night ($4,500.00) c. Total Travel: $11,500.00 15. Subcontracts a. Translation team: 100 hrs. @ $20.00 /hr. ( $2,000.00) b. Field Guide:: 100 hrs @ $15.00/hr. ($1,500.00) c. Total: $3,500.00 16. N/A 17. N/A 18. N/A 19. N/A 20. Total Cost: $70,000.00 21. Neil Manspeizer - August 28, 2011 22. a. no, b. no, c. no 23. firm-fixed price 16

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 11.2 COST PROPOSAL Phase I - Option 1. Symptom Antidote Solutions, L.L.C. 2. 30 Edgemont Road, West Orange, NJ, 07052 3. Work performed in New Jersey and Morocco 4. THE UTILIZATION OF A REGIONAL SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM AS A PROXY TO SIMULATE THE SITUATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF GROUND SOLDIERS 5. Taxpayer ID: 261-719-202, CAGE code: 54UB1 6. A08-186 : Improving Representation of Situational Awareness in Constructive Combat Simulations 7. $120,000.00 8. N/A 9. N/A 10. Direct Labor a1. Neil Manspeizer, Lead Scientist, 960 hrs, $25.00/hr, $24,000.00 a2. Warren Manspeizer, Advisory Scientist, 240 hrs, $50.00/hr, $12,000.00 b1. Total direct labor: $36,000.00 11. N/A 12. N/A 13. N/A 14. Travel a. Transportation i. Flights x 2 to Morocco for fieldwork @ $1200/person ($2,200.00) ii. Car Hire in Morocco x 1 month @ $100/ day ($3,000.00) b. Per diem i. Per diem x 2 in Morocco for 1 month @ $30/day/person ($1,800.00) ii. Hotel x 2 in Morocco for 1 month @ $150/night ($4,500.00) c. Total Travel: $11,500.00 15. Subcontracts a. Field Guide:: 100 hrs @ $15.00/hr. ($1,500.00) b. Total: $1,500.00 16. Other direct cost a. Miscellaneous: $1,000.00 17. N/A 18. N/A 19. N/A 20. Total Cost: $50,000.00 21. Neil Manspeizer - August 28, 2011 22. a. no, b. no, c. no 23. firm-fixed price 17

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 APPENDIX A - REFERENCES 1. Manspeizer, N. Modeling Vulnerability in the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco through Berber Ahidous Poetry. The Geographical Bulletin. Accepted for publication, May 2008. 2. Finlayson, A.C. and B.J. McCay. 1998. Crossing the Threshold of Ecosystem Resilience: The Commercial Extinction of Northern Cod, In Linking Social and Ecological Systems: Management Practices and Social Mechanisms for Building Resilience, ed. F. Berkes and C. Folke, pp 311-338. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3. Walker, B. and Meyers, J.A. 2004. Thresholds in Ecological and Social–Ecological Systems: a Developing Database. Ecology and Society 9(2):3. 4. Berkes, F. and C. Folke (eds). 1998. Linking Social and Ecological Systems: Management Practices and Social Mechanisms for Building Resilience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5. McDonell, M.J. and S.T.A. Pickett (eds). 1997. Humans as Components of Ecosystems: The Ecology of Subtle Human Effects and Populated Areas. New York: Verlag. 6. Manspeizer, N.M. 2007. Modeling the Hyperreal Dimension with The Gap-Burden Method: Social-Ecological Change in the Laramie Range, Wyoming and the Asymmetry of Time. Middle States Geographer,40: 88-95. 7. Manspeizer, N. 2006. The Mediation of a Functional-Aesthetic Landscape in New England: New Braintree, Massachusetts and the Identity of Place. The Middle States Geographer 39: 84-92. 8. Endsley, M.R. and D.J. Garland (eds). 2000. Situational Awareness and Measurement. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 9. Butzer, K.W. 1980. Civilizations: Organisms or Systems? American Scientist 68: 517- 523. 10. Menard, K.P. 1999. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: A Practical Introduction. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC. 11. Gimblett, H.R. (ed). 2002. Integrating Geographic Information Systems and Agent-based Modeling Techniques for Simulating Social and Ecological Processes. Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 12. Gutman, G., A.C. Janetos, C.O. Justice, E.F. Moran, J.F. Mustard, R.R. Rindfuss, D. Skole, B.L. Turner II and M.A. Cochrane (eds). 2004. Land Change Science: Observing, Monitoring, and Understanding Trajectories of Change on the Earth's Surface. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishing. 13. Dublin, H.T., A.R.E. Sinclair & J. McGlade. 1990. Elephants and Fire as Causes of Multiple Stable States for Serengeti-Mara Woodlands. Journal of Animal Ecology 59: 1157-64. 14. Westoby, M., B. Walker, and I. Noy Meir. 1989. Opportunistic Management for Rangelands not at Equilibrium. Journal of Range Management 42: 266-274. 15. Millar, T.B. 1983. The East-West Strategic Balance. London: George Allen & Unwin. 16. Gaddis, J.L. 1982. Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 18

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 APPENDIX B1 - FIGURES 1 AND 2 (fromManspeizer, N.M. 2007. Modeling the Hyperreal Dimension with The Gap-Burden Method: Social-Ecological Change in the Laramie Range, Wyoming and the Asymmetry of Time. Middle States Geographer,40: 88-95.) Num ber of Land Parcels 1920-1940, Goshen Num ber of Land Parcels 1940-1960, Goshen County, WY County, WY 40 40 30 30 20 20 y = 15x 30 30 y = -5x + 35 25 10 15 10 0 0 1920 1940 1940 1960 Figure 1. Comparison of the slopes derived from regression analysis based on a sample number of land parcels between 1920 –1940 and 1940-1960 in Goshen County, WY (Data from the Wyoming State Archives, Cheyenne). 1920 1940 1960 a c \ e KEY Geopiety GBV Hyperreality History Society b d Nature Figure 2. A regime change estimate model of the Laramie Range, from 1920-1960 (a-e), demonstrated through State and Transition Social-Ecology with approximated hyperreal and historical transects. Note the geopiety connections (black arrows) show both connection between society to nature and nature to society, broken in transitions b and d. Also shown are the significant time-parcel-units (hatched areas) within the Gap-Burden Index (GBI). 19

SYMPTOM ANTIDOTE SOLUTIONS, LLC SBIR TOPIC A08-186 PROPOSAL A083-186-0037 APPENDIX B2 - FIGURES 3 AND 4 (from Manspeizer, N.. Modeling Vulnerability in the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco through Berber Ahidous Poetry. The Geographical Bulletin. Accepted for publication May 2008.) Figure 3. Digital Conditions of Reality Model (DCRM) on the left and Cultural Formation Framework (CFF) on the right as discerned from fieldwork in 1999-2000 and extracted from interviews with Ahidous poets in the Central High Atlas Mountains Region in Morocco. Overall estimated change in Landcover Barren: 1.00 Shrubland: 1.10 Evergreen Broadleaf: 0.92 Grassland: 1.01 Dry Cropland and Pasture: 0.84 Cropland and Woodland: 1.13 Savannah: 1.31 Overall Kappa Index of Agreement: 0.853 Figure 4. Predicted future landcover in the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco with the associated reformation of the leff political alliances based on interviews with local Berber Ahidous poets and GIS change in time analysis. 20


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