SAR Caldata

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TEST REPORT Test Report No.: 1-3741-01-05/11 Testing Laboratory CETECOM ICT Services GmbH Untertürkheimer Straße 6 – 10 66117 Saarbrücken/Germany Phone: + 49 681 5 98 - 0 Fax: + 49 681 5 98 - 9075 Internet: http://www.cetecom.com e-mail: ict@cetecom.com Accredited Test Laboratory: The test laboratory (area of testing) is accredited according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 DAR registration number: DAT-P-176/94-D1 Appendix with Calibration data, Phantom certificate and system validation information 2011-09-09 2011-09-09 Page 1 of 29

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 1 Table of contents 1 Table of contents .......................................................................................................................................2 2 Calibration report “Probe ET3DV6”.........................................................................................................3 3 Calibration report “1900 MHz System validation dipole”....................................................................14 4 Calibration certificate of Data Acquisition Unit (DAE) ........................................................................22 5 Certificate of “SAM Twin Phantom V4.0/V4.0C’’ .................................................................................23 6 Application Note System Performance Check ..................................................................................... 24 6.1 Purpose of system performance check ..................................................................................... 24 6.2 System Performance check procedure ...................................................................................... 24 6.3 Uncertainty Budget ...................................................................................................................... 25 6.4 Power set-up for validation .........................................................................................................28 6.5 Laboratory reflection ................................................................................................................... 29 6.6 Additional system checks ...........................................................................................................29 2011-09-09 Page 2 of 29

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 2 Calibration report “Probe ET3DV6” 2011-09-09 Page 3 of 29

CETECOM Calibration Laboratory of Schweizerischer Kalibrierdienst Schmid & Partner Service suisse d‘étalonnage Engineering AG Servizio svizzero di taratura Zeughausstrasse 43, 8004 Zurich, Switzerland Swiss Calibration Service Accredited by the Swiss Accreditation Service (SAS) Accreditation No.: SCS 108 The Swiss Accreditation Service is one of the signatories to the EA Muitilateral Agreement for the recognition of calibration certificates Glossary: TSL tissue simulating liquid NORMx,y,z sensitivity in free space ConvF sensitivity in TSL / NORMx,y,z DCP diode compression point CF crest factor (1/duty_cycle) of the RF signal A, B, C modulation dependent linearization parameters Polarization q rotation around probe axis Polarization 8 8 rotation around an axis thatis in the plane normal to probe axis (at measurement center), .e., 8 = 0 is normal to probe axis Calibration is Performed According to the Following Standards: a) IEEE Std 1528—2003, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial—Averaged Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Head from Wireless Communications Devices: Measurement Techniques", December 2003 b) 1EC 62209—1, "Procedure to measure the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for hand—held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)", February 2005 Methods Applied and Interpretation of Parameters: * NORMx,y,z: Assessed for E—field polarization 8 = 0 (f s 900 MHz in TEM—cell; f> 1800 MHz: R22 waveguide). NORMx,y,z are only intermediate values, i.e., the uncertainties of NORMx,y,z does not effect the E*—field uncertainty inside TSL (see below ConvF). * NORM(Ax,y,2 = NORMx,y,z * frequency_response (see Frequency Response Chart). This linearization is implemented in DASY4 software versions later than 4.2. The uncertainty of the frequency response is included in the stated uncertainty of ConvF. «_ DCPx,y,z; DCP are numerical linearization parameters assessed based on the data of power sweep with CW signal (no uncertainty required). DCP does not depend on frequency nor media. «0 Asyz Bxuy,z; Coy,2, VRxy,2z: A, B, C are numerical linearization parameters assessed based on the data of power sweep for specific modulation signal. The parameters do not depend on frequency nor media. VR is the maximum calibration range expressed in RMS voltage across the diode. * ConvF and Boundary Effect Parameters: Assessed in flat phantom using E—field (or Temperature Transfer Standard for f < 800 MHz) and inside waveguide using analytical field distributions based on power measurements for f > 800 MHz. The same setups are used for assessment of the parameters applied for boundary compensation (alpha, depth) of which typical uncertainty values are given. These parameters are used in DASY4 software to improve probe accuracy close to the boundary. The sensitivity in TSL corresponds to NORMx,y,z * ConvF whereby the uncertainty corresponds to that given for ConvF. A frequency dependent ConvF is used in DASY version 4.4 and higher which allows extending the validity from + 50 MHz to * 100 MHz. «_ Spherical isotropy (3D deviation from isotropy): in a field of low gradients realized using a flat phantom exposed by a patch antenna. «_ Sensor Offset: The sensor offset corresponds to the offset of virtual measurement center from the probe tip (on probe axis). No tolerance required. Certificate No: ET3—1559_Jan11 Page 2 of 11

.000 _ Crscow ET3DV6 SN:1559 January 19, 2011 Probe ET3DVC6 SN:1559 Manufactured: December 1, 2000 Last calibrated: January 20, 2010 Recalibrated: January 19, 2011 Calibrated for DASY/EASY Systems (Note: non—compatible with DASY2 system!) Certificate No: ET3—1559_Jan11 Page 3 of 11

CETECOM ET3DV6 SN:1559 January 19, 2011 DASY/EASY — Parameters of Probe: ET3DV6 SN:1559 Basic Calibration Parameters Sensor X Sensor Y Sensor Z |Unc (k=2) Norm (uV/(V/im)")" 1.79 1.59 1.64 _|+10.1% DCP ({mV)" 96.9 97.6 96.3 Modulation Calibration Parameters UID Communication System Name PAR A B C VR Unc® dB dBuV mV (k=2) 10000 Cw 0.00| x 0.00 0.00 1.00| 1321 £+29% ¥ 0.00 0.00 1.00| 137.8 Z 0.00 0.00 1.00| 128.3 The reported uncertainty of measurement is stated as the standard uncertainty of measurement multiplied by the coverage factor k=2, which for a normal distribution corresponds to a coverage probability of approximately 95%. A The uncertainties of NormX,Y,2 do not affect the E—feld uncertainty inside TSL (see Pages 5 and 6). ® Numerical linearization parameter. uncertainty not required. & Uncertainty is determined using the maximum deviation from linear response applying recatangular distribution and is expressed for the square of the field value. Certificate No: ET3—1559_Jan11 Page 4 of 11

CETECOM ET3DV6 SN:1559 January 19, 2011 DASY/EASY — Parameters of Probe: ET3DV6 SN:1559 Calibration Parameter Determined in Head Tissue Simulating Media f [MHz] Validity [MHz]c Permittivity Conductivity ConvF X ConvF Y ConvF 2 Alpha Depth Unc (k=2) 450 +50 /+ 100 43.5 £ 5% 0.87 £5% 7.39 7.39 7.39 0.18 2.07 £13.3% 835 * 50 / £ 100 41.5 £5% 0.90 £5% 6.33 6.33 6.33 0.25 3.00 #11.0% 900 * 50 / # 100 41.5 £5% 0.97 £5% 6.20 6.20 6.20 0.26 3.00 #11.0% 1750 £50 / 100 40.1 £5% 1.37 45% 5.28 5.28 5.28 0.79 1.69 £11.0% 1900 £ 50/ £ 100 40.0 £5% 140 + 5% 5.02 5.02 5.02 0.79 1.60 £11.0% 2450 +50 /# 100 39.2 4 5% 1.80 £ 5% 4.38 4.38 4.38 0.79 2.02 £11.0% © The validity of + 100 MHz only applies for DASY vd.d and higher (see Page 2). The uncertainty is the RSS of the ConvF uncertainty at calibration frequency and the uncertainty for the indicated frequency band. Certificate No: ET3—1559_Jani11 Page 5 of 11

CETECOM ET3DVE SN:1559 January 19, 2011 DASY/EASY — Parameters of Probe: ET3DV6 SN:1559 Calibration Parameter Determined in Body Tissue Simulating Media f [MHz] Validity [MHz]c Permittivity Conductivity ConvFX ConvFY ConvFZ Alpha Depth Unc (k=2) 450 + 50 /# 100 56.7 #5% 0.94 £ 5% 7.73 7.73 7.73 0.12 2.07 £13.3% 835 + 50/ £ 100 55.2 £ 5% 0.97 #5% 6.22 6.22 6.22 0.25 2.98 #11.0% 900 + 50/ £ 100 55.0 £ 5% 1.05 £5% 6.10 6.10 6.10 0.29 2.87 #11.0% 1750 * 50 /+ 100 53.4 £5% 149 £5% 4.68 4.68 4.68 0.79 2.39 £11.0% 1900 £50 /+ 100 53.3 £5% 1.52 + 5% 4.40 4.40 4.40 0.79 2.32 £11.0% 2450 £ 50 / £ 100 52.7 + 5% 1.95 x 5% 3.91 3.91 3.91 0.70 3.00 £11.0% ° The validity of £ 100 MHz only applies for DASY v4.4 and higher (see Page 2). The uncertainty is the RSS of the ConvF uncertainty at calibration frequency and the uncertainty for the indicated frequency band. Certificate No: ET3—1559_Jan11 Page 6 of 11

CETECOM ET3DV6 SN:1559 January 19, 2011 Frequency Response of E—Field (TEM—Cell:if110 EXX, Waveguide: R22) Frequency response (normalized) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2000 f [MHz] —o—TeM —o—nez E Uncertainty of Frequency Response of E—field: & 6.3% (k=2) Certificate No: ET3—1559_Jan11 Page 7 of 11

cerscom" ET3DVG SN:1559 January 19, 2011 Receiving Pattern (¢), 8 = 0° £= 600 MHz, TEM ift10EXX 800 MHz, We R22 cow e <op coom| ~+—some | —a—rome —+—scome cocnssoue | —am—zmoime Uncertainty of AxialIsotropy Assessment: £ 0.5% (=2) Certcate No: ET3—1580.Jant 1 PageSof 11

| cerscom" ET3DVG SN:1550 January 19, 2011 Dynamic Range f(SARneaq) (TEM cell,£= 900 MHz) 1105 mer0s Sensor Voltage [M) 0001 001 01 1 10 100 sat mwents neok ome kear <8—¥ <B—¥ear <#—2. <Bi—Zeor 200 100 s Error 1B) coo oo o1 1 10 100 SAR ImWiom‘1 Uncertainty of Linearity Assessments + 0.6% (k=2) Certfcale No: ET3—1889_Jantt PageBof 11

cerscom ET3DV6 SN:1559 January 19, 2011 Conversion Factor Assessment (= 00 Miz, WGLS RS (head) 1=1750 Mtz, WGLS R22 (head) soo 250 2200 <E 150 #E10 &a so oo o ro zn #tmm uen o 5o co ghing ~o—muen —o—teumce | ~ow +nasnren Deviation from Isotropy in HSL Error(§, 9}, £ = 900 MHz es eeseo co. Error (dB) Abbe {m—100—380 m a50—080m.a60—010 .0 10—0.20 m.020000 luswow momos momose mowor mos1s Uncertainty of Spherical Isotropy Assessmonts + 2.6% (ke2) Ceriicate No: ET3—1550.Jant1 Page 10 of 11

CETECOM ET3DV6 SN:1559 January 19, 2011 Other Probe Parameters Sensor Arrangement Triangular Connector Angle (°) Not applicable Mechanical Surface Detection Mode enabled Optical Surface Detection Mode enabled Probe Overall Length 337 mm Probe Body Diameter 10 mm Tip Length 10 mm Tip Diameter 6.8 mm Probe Tip to Sensor X Calibration Point 2.7 mm Probe Tip to Sensor Y Calibration Point 2.7 mm Probe Tip to Sensor Z Calibration Point 2.7 mm Recommended Measurement Distance from Surface 3.7 mm Certificate No: ET3—1559_Jan11 Page 11 of 11

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 3 Calibration report “1900 MHz System validation dipole” 2011-09-09 Page 14 of 29

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 2011-09-09 Page 15 of 29

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Appendix Antenna Parameters with Head TSL Impedance, transformed to feed poin: sn1ceer in Relurn Loss —s0 0 8 Antenna Parameters with Body TSL Impedarce, transformed to feed point s48 t +280 Hetum Less —seaou General Antenna Parameters and Design Electnoal Delay (one direction} 1188 ns Alter ong termuse with100Wradiates nower. only a slight waring of Ihe cipo‘e near the feedpoint can be measurad Te dioole is made of standard semigid coaxial cable. The center conductor of the feecing lirc s direely eennected to the secand srm ofthe cigole. The antenns is tharelore shor—ireulted fer DC—signals. No exssaiva torce must ba apl ed o the dipola arms, oocause thay might band ortha solserad carinections neer the feedpoint may o damagec. Additional EUT Data manutacturee oy sreas Manulacturee on | Febuary 22. 2002 e No: Tiianava—sacns_Aug1 1 Pages o‘ a

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Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 2011-09-09 Page 19 of 29

CETECOM* DASY5 Validation Report for Body TSL Dae: 17.0%.2011 Test Lahoratory: SPEAG, Zurich, Switzerland DUT: Dipole 1900 MHz; Type: DLO0OV2; Serial: 119002 — S : 50009 Communication System: CW; Frequeney: 1900 MH7 Medium parameters ased: f= 1900 MHz: a = 1,57 riho/m; 6 = $3.9; p = 1000 kwin‘ Phancom section: Flat Section Measurement Standard: DASYS (IEEETEC/ANSI C63,19—2007) DASY52 Configuration + Probe: ES3DV3 — SN3205; ConvR(4.62, 4.62, 4.62); Calibrated: 29.04.201 1 + Sensor—Surface: 3mm (Mechanical Surface Detection) + Electronies: DAES $n601: Calibrated: 04.07.201 1 * Phantom: Mlat Phantom 5.0 (back); Type: QDOOOPSOAA; Serial: 1002 + DASY32 52.6.2(482); SEMCAD X 14.4.5(3634) Dipole Calibration for Bady Tissue/Pin=250 mW d=10mm/Zoom Scan (7x7x7)/(Cube 0; Mensurement grid: dx=3mm, dy=Smm, de= Reference Value = 95.260 V/m; Power Drift = 0.02 4B Peak SAR (extrapolated) = 18. Whke SARCH g)= 104 mWig: SAR(1O g) 5.43 mWig Maximum value of SAR (measured) = 13.11 1 mWre Hoas sane ie 0 dB = 13.1 10mW/g Ceriffcate Ne: Dro002sd009.Aug! "ago t af n

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Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 4 Calibration certificate of Data Acquisition Unit (DAE) 2011-09-09 Page 22 of 29

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 5 Certificate of “SAM Twin Phantom V4.0/V4.0C’’ 2011-09-09 Page 23 of 29

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 6 Application Note System Performance Check 6.1 Purpose of system performance check The system performance check verifies that the system operates within its specifications. System and operator errors can be detected and corrected. It is recommended that the system performance check is performed prior to any usage of the system in order to guarantee reproducible results. The measurement of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is a complicated task and the result depends on the proper functioning of many components and the correct settings of many parameters. Faulty results due to drift, failures or incorrect parameters might not be recognized, since they often look similar in distribution to the correct ones. The Dosimetric Assessment System DASY4 incorporates a system performance check procedure to test the proper functioning of the system. The system performance check uses normal SAR measurements in a simplified setup (the flat section of the SAM Twin Phantom) with a well characterized source (a matched dipole at a specified distance). This setup was selected to give a high sensitivity to all parameters that might fail or vary over time (e.g., probe, liquid parameters, and software settings) and a low sensitivity to external effects inherent in the system (e.g., positioning uncertainty of the device holder). The system performance check does not replace the calibration of the components. The accuracy of the system performance check is not sufficient for calibration purposes. It is possible to calculate the field quite accurately in this simple setup; however, due to the open field situation some factors (e.g., laboratory reflections) cannot be accounted for. Calibrations in the flat phantom are possible with transfer calibration methods, using either temperature probes or calibrated E-field probes. The system performance check also does not test the system performance for arbitrary field situations encountered during real measurements of mobile phones. These checks are performed at SPEAG by testing the components under various conditions (e.g., spherical isotropy measurements in liquid, linearity measurements, temperature variations, etc.), the results of which are used for an error estimation of the system. The system performance check will indicate situations where the system uncertainty is exceeded due to drift or failure. 6.2 System Performance check procedure Preparation The conductivity should be measured before the validation and the measured liquid parameters must be entered in the software. If the measured values differ from targeted values in the dipole document, the liquid composition should be adjusted. If the validation is performed with slightly different (measured) liquid parameters, the expected SAR will also be different. See the application note about SAR sensitivities for an estimate of possible SAR deviations. Note that the liquid parameters are temperature dependent with approximately – 0.5% decrease in permittivity and + 1% increase in conductivity for a temperature decrease of 1° C. The dipole must be placed beneath the flat phantom section of the Generic Twin Phantom with the correct distance holder in place. The distance holder should touch the phantom surface with a light pressure at the reference marking (little hole) and be oriented parallel to the long side of the phantom. Accurate positioning is not necessary, since the system will search for the peak SAR location, except that the dipole arms should be parallel to the surface. The device holder for mobile phones can be left in place but should be rotated away from the dipole. The forward power into the dipole at the dipole SMA connector should be determined as accurately as possible. See section 4 for a description of the recommended setup to measure the dipole input power. The actual dipole input power level can be between 20mW and several watts. The result can later be normalized to any power level. It is strongly recommended to note the actually used power level in the „comment“-window of the measurement file; otherwise you loose this crucial information for later reference. 2011-09-09 Page 24 of 29

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 System Performance Check The DASY4 installation includes predefined files with recommended procedures for measurements and validation. They are read-only document files and destined as fully defined but unmeasured masks, so you must save the finished validation under a different name. The validation document requires the Generic Twin Phantom, so this phantom must be properly installed in your system. (You can create your own measurement procedures by opening a new document or editing an existing document file). Before you start the validation, you just have to tell the system with which components (probe, medium, and device) you are performing the validation; the system will take care of all parameters. After the validation, which will take about 20 minutes, the results of each task are displayed in the document window. Selecting all measured tasks and opening the predefined “validation” graphic format displays all necessary information for validation. A description of the different measurement tasks in the predefined document is given below, together with the information that can be deduced from their results: • The „reference“ and „drift“ measurements are located at the beginning and end of the batch process. They measure the field drift at one single point in the liquid over the complete procedure. The indicated drift is mainly the variation of the amplifier output power. If it is too high (above ± 0.1dB) the validation should be repeated; some amplifiers have very high drift during warm-up. A stable amplifier gives drift results in the DASY4 system below ± 0.02 dB. • The „surface check“ measurement tests the optical surface detection system of the DASY4 system by repeatedly detecting the surface with the optical and mechanical surface detector and comparing the results. The output gives the detecting heights of both systems, the difference between the two systems and the standard deviation of the detection repeatability. Air bubbles or refraction in the liquid due to separation of the sugar-water mixture gives poor repeatability (above ± 0.1mm). In that case it is better to abort the validation and stir the liquid. The difference between the optical surface detection and the actual surface depends on the probe and is specified with each probe. (It does not depend on the surface reflectivity or the probe angle to the surface within ± 30°.) However, varying breaking indices of different liquid compositions might also influence the distance. If the indicated difference varies from the actual setting, the probe parameter „optical surface distance“ should be changed in the probe settings (see manual). For more information see the application note about SAR evaluation. • The „area scan“ measures the SAR above the dipole on a parallel plane to the surface. It is used to locate the approximate location of the peak SAR with 2D spline interpolation. The proposed scan uses large grid spacing for faster measurement; due to the symmetric field the peak detection is reliable. If a finer graphic is desired, the grid spacing can be reduced. Grid spacing and orientation have no influence on the SAR result. • The zoom scan job measures the field in a volume around the peak SAR value assessed in the previous „area“ scan (for more information see the application note on SAR evaluation). If the validation measurements give reasonable results, the peak 1g and 10g spatial SAR values averaged between the two cubes and normalized to 1W dipole input power give the reference data for comparisons. The next section analyzes the expected uncertainties of these values. Section 6 describes some additional checks for further information or troubleshooting. 6.3 Uncertainty Budget Please note that in the following Tables, the tolerance of the following uncertainty components depends on the actual equipment and setup at the user location and need to be either assessed or verified on-site by the end user of the DASY4 system: • RF ambient conditions • Dipole Axis to Liquid Distance • Input power and SAR drift measurement • Liquid permittivity - measurement uncertainty • Liquid conductivity - measurement uncertainty Note: All errors are given in percent of SAR, so 0.1 dB corresponds to 2.3%. The field error would be half of that. The liquid parameter assessment give the targeted values from the dipole document. All errors are given in percent of SAR, so 0.1dB corresponds to 2.3%. The field error would be half of that. 2011-09-09 Page 25 of 29

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 System validation In the table below, the system validation uncertainty with respect to the analytically assessed SAR value of a dipole source as given in the P1528 standard is given. This uncertainty is smaller than the expected uncertainty for mobile phone measurements due to the simplified setup and the symmetric field distribution. Error Sources Uncertainty Probability Divi- ci ci Standard Standard vi2 Value Distribution sor 1g 10g Uncertainty Uncertainty or 1g 10g veff Measurement System Probe calibration ± 4.8% Normal 1 1 1 ± 4.8% ± 4.8% ∞ Axial isotropy ± 4.7% Rectangular √3 0.7 0.7 ± 1.9% ± 1.9% ∞ Hemispherical isotropy ± 0.0% Rectangular √3 0.7 0.7 ± 0.0% ± 3.9% ∞ Boundary effects ± 1.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 0.6% ± 0.6% ∞ Probe linearity ± 4.7% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 2.7% ± 2.7% ∞ System detection limits ± 1.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 0.6% ± 0.6% ∞ Readout electronics ± 1.0% Normal 1 1 1 ± 1.0% ± 1.0% ∞ Response time ± 0.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 0.0% ± 0.0% ∞ Integration time ± 0.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 0.0% ± 0.0% ∞ RF ambient conditions ± 3.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 1.7% ± 1.7% ∞ Probe positioner ± 0.4% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 0.2% ± 0.2% ∞ Probe positioning ± 2.9% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 1.7% ± 1.7% ∞ Max. SAR evaluation ± 1.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 0.6% ± 0.6% ∞ Test Sample Related Dipole axis to liquid ± 2.0% Normal 1 1 1 ± 1.2% ± 1.2% ∞ distance Power drift ± 4.7% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 2.7% ± 2.7% ∞ Phantom and Set-up Phantom uncertainty ± 4.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 2.3% ± 2.3% ∞ Liquid conductivity (target) ± 5.0% Rectangular √3 0.64 0.43 ± 1.8% ± 1.2% ∞ Liquid conductivity (meas.) ± 2.5% Normal 1 0.64 0.43 ± 1.6% ± 1.1% ∞ Liquid permittivity (target) ± 5.0% Rectangular √3 0.6 0.49 ± 1.7% ± 1.4% ∞ Liquid permittivity (meas.) ± 2.5% Normal 1 0.6 0.49 ± 1.5% ± 1.2% ∞ Combined Uncertainty ± 8.4% ± 8.1% Expanded Std. ± 16.8% ± 16.2% Uncertainty 2011-09-09 Page 26 of 29

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 Performance check repeatability The repeatability check of the validation is insensitive to external effects and gives an indication of the variations in the DASY4 measurement system, provided that the same power reading setup is used for all validations. The repeatability estimate is given in the following table: Error Sources Uncertainty Probability Divi- ci ci Standard Standard vi2 Value Distribution sor 1g 10g Uncertainty Uncertainty or 1g 10g veff Measurement System Probe calibration ± 4.8% Normal 1 1 1 0 0 ∞ Axial isotropy ± 4.7% Rectangular √3 0.7 0.7 0 0 ∞ Hemispherical isotropy ± 0.0% Rectangular √3 0.7 0.7 0 0 ∞ Boundary effects ± 1.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 0 0 ∞ Probe linearity ± 4.7% Rectangular √3 1 1 0 0 ∞ System detection limits ± 1.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 0 0 ∞ Readout electronics ± 1.0% Normal 1 1 1 0 0 ∞ Response time ± 0.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 0 0 ∞ Integration time ± 0.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 0 0 ∞ RF ambient conditions ± 3.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 0 0 ∞ Probe positioner ± 0.4% Rectangular √3 1 1 0 0 ∞ Probe positioning ± 2.9% Rectangular √3 1 1 0 0 ∞ Max. SAR evaluation ± 1.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 0 0 ∞ Test Sample Related Dipole axis to liquid ± 2.0% Normal 1 1 1 ± 1.2% ± 1.2% ∞ distance Power drift ± 4.7% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 2.7% ± 2.7% ∞ Phantom and Set-up Phantom uncertainty ± 4.0% Rectangular √3 1 1 ± 2.3% ± 2.3% ∞ Liquid conductivity (target) ± 5.0% Rectangular √3 0.64 0.43 ± 1.8% ± 1.2% ∞ Liquid conductivity (meas.) ± 2.5% Normal 1 0.64 0.43 ± 1.6% ± 1.1% ∞ Liquid permittivity (target) ± 5.0% Rectangular √3 0.6 0.49 ± 1.7% ± 1.4% ∞ Liquid permittivity (meas.) ± 2.5% Normal 1 0.6 0.49 ± 1.5% ± 1.2% ∞ Combined Uncertainty ± 5.3% ± 4.9% Expanded Std. ± 10.6% ± 9.7% Uncertainty The expected repeatability deviation is low. Excessive drift (e.g., drift in liquid parameters), partial system failures or incorrect parameter settings (e.g., wrong probe or device settings) will lead to unexpectedly high repeatability deviations. The repeatability gives an indication that the system operates within its initial specifications. Excessive drift, system failure and operator errors are easily detected. 2011-09-09 Page 27 of 29

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 6.4 Power set-up for validation The uncertainty of the dipole input power is a significant contribution to the absolute uncertainty and the expected deviation in interlaboratory comparisons. The values in Section 2 for a typical and a sophisticated setup are just average values. Refer to the manual of the power meter and the detector head for the evaluation of the uncertainty in your system. The uncertainty also depends on the source matching and the general setup. Below follows the description of a recommended setup and procedures to increase the accuracy of the power reading: The figure shows the recommended setup. The PM1 (incl. Att1) measures the forward power at the location of the validation dipole connector. The signal generator is adjusted for the desired forward power at the dipole connector and the power meter PM2 is read at that level. After connecting the cable to the dipole, the signal generator is readjusted for the same reading at power meter PM2. If the signal generator does not allow a setting in 0.01dB steps, the remaining difference at PM2 must be noted and considered in the normalization of the validation results. The requirements for the components are: • The signal generator and amplifier should be stable (after warm-up). The forward power to the dipole should be above 10mW to avoid the influence of measurement noise. If the signal generator can deliver 15dBm or more, an amplifier is not necessary. Some high power amplifiers should not be operated at a level far below their maximum output power level (e.g. a 100W power amplifier operated at 250mW output can be quite noisy). An attenuator between the signal generator and amplifier is recommended to protect the amplifier input. • The low pass filter after the amplifier reduces the effect of harmonics and noise from the amplifier. For most amplifiers in normal operation the filter is not necessary. • The attenuator after the amplifier improves the source matching and the accuracy of the power head. (See power meter manual.) It can also be used also to make the amplifier operate at its optimal output level for noise and stability. In a setup without directional coupler, this attenuator should be at least 10dB. • The directional coupler (recommended ³ 20dB) is used to monitor the forward power and adjust the signal generator output for constant forward power. A medium quality coupler is sufficient because the loads (dipole and power head) are well matched. (If the setup is used for reflective loads, a high quality coupler with respect to directivity and output matching is necessary to avoid additional errors.) • The power meter PM2 should have a low drift and a resolution of 0.01dBm, but otherwise its accuracy has no impact on the power setting. Calibration is not required. • The cable between the coupler and dipole must be of high quality, without large attenuation and phase changes when it is moved. Otherwise, the power meter head PM1 should be brought to the location of the dipole for measuring. • The power meter PM1 and attenuator Att1 must be high quality components. They should be calibrated, preferably together. The attenuator (³10dB) improves the accuracy of the power reading. (Some higher power heads come with a built-in calibrated attenuator.) The exact attenuation of the attenuator at the frequency used must be known; many attenuators are up to 0.2dB off from the specified value. 2011-09-09 Page 28 of 29

Test report no.: 1-3741-01-05/11 • Use the same power level for the power setup with power meter PM1 as for the actual measurement to avoid linearity and range switching errors in the power meter PM2. If the validation is performed at various power levels, do the power setting procedure at each level. • The dipole must be connected directly to the cable at location “X”. If the power meter has a different connector system, use high quality couplers. Preferably, use the couplers at the attenuator Att1 and calibrate the attenuator with the coupler. • Always remember: We are measuring power, so 1% is equivalent to 0.04dB. 6.5 Laboratory reflection In near-field situations, the absorption is predominantly caused by induction effects from the magnetic near- field. The absorption from reflected fields in the laboratory is negligible. On the other hand, the magnetic field around the dipole depends on the currents and therefore on the feed point impedance. The feed point impedance of the dipole is mainly determined from the proximity of the absorbing phantom, but reflections in the laboratory can change the impedance slightly. A 1% increase in the real part of the feed point impedance will produce approximately a 1% decrease in the SAR for the same forward power. The possible influence of laboratory reflections should be investigated during installation. The validation setup is suitable for this check, since the validation is sensitive to laboratory reflections. The same tests can be performed with a mobile phone, but most phones are less sensitive to reflections due to the shorter distance to the phantom. The fastest way to check for reflection effects is to position the probe in the phantom above the feed point and start a continuous field measurement in the DASY4 multi-meter window. Placing absorbers in front of possible reflectors (e.g. on the ground near the dipole or in front of a metallic robot socket) will reveal their influence immediately. A 10dB absorber (e.g. ferrite tiles or flat absorber mats) is probably sufficient, as the influence of the reflections is small anyway. If you place the absorber too near the dipole, the absorber itself will interact with the reactive near-field. Instead of measuring the SAR, it is also possible to monitor the dipole impedance with a network analyzer for reflection effects. The network analyzer must be calibrated at the SMA connector and the electrical delay (two times the forward delay in the dipole document) must be set in the NWA for comparisons with the reflection data in the dipole document. If the absorber has a significant influence on the results, the absorber should be left in place for validation or measurements. The reference data in the dipole document are produced in a low reflection environment. 6.6 Additional system checks While the validation gives a good check of the DASY4 system components, it does not include all parameters necessary for real phone measurements (e.g. device modulation or device positioning). For system validation (repeatability) or comparisons between laboratories a reference device can be useful. This can be any mobile phone with a stable output power (preferably a device whose output power can be set through the keyboard). For comparisons, the same device should be sent around, since the SAR variations between samples can be large. Several measurement possibilities in the DASY software allow additional tests of the performance of the DASY system and components. These tests can be useful to localize component failures: • The validation can be performed at different power levels to check the noise level or the correct compensation of the diode compression in the probe. • If a pulsed signal with high peak power levels is fed to the dipole, the performance of the diode compression compensation can be tested. The correct crest factor parameter in the DASY software must be set (see manual). The system should give the same SAR output for the same averaged input power. • The probe isotropy can be checked with a 1D-probe rotation scan above the feed point. The automatic probe alignment procedure must be passed through for accurate probe rotation movements (optional DASY4 feature with a robot-mounted light beam unit). Otherwise the probe tip might move on a small circle during rotation, producing some additional isotropy errors in gradient fields. 2011-09-09 Page 29 of 29


Document Created: 2011-11-14 12:54:59
Document Modified: 2011-11-14 12:54:59
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