SAR Test Report

FCC ID: NALASPRO

Test Report

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FCCID_4065

Research *Training *Consulting *Testing                                                                                Since 1981
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                 CERTIFICATION REPORT


                 Subject:             Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Experimental Analysis

                 Product:             Netwave AirSurfer™ Pro Wireless LAN PCMCIA Card

                 Client:              Netwave Technologies

                 Address:             6663 Owens Drive
                                      Pleasanton, CA
                                      94588


                 Project #            NETB-AirSurferPro-3014


                 Prepared by: APREL Laboratories
                              51 Spectrum
                              Nepean, Ontario
                              K2R 1E6




                 Submitted By          original signed by               Date: 14 July, 1998
                                      Dr. Paul G. Cardinal
                                      Director, Laboratories




                 Approved By           original signed and stamped by   Date: 14 July, 1998
                                      Dr. Jacek J. Wojcik, P.Eng.




                 Page 1 of 24                                                                         Report No.3014
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                 FCC ID:                  NALASPRO
                 Applicant:               Netwave Technologies
                 Equipment:               Wireless LAN PCMCIA Card
                 Model:                   AirSurfer Pro
                 Standard:                FCC 96-326, Guidelines for Evaluating the Environmental Effects of Radio-
                                          Frequency Radiation




                                                        ENGINEERING SUMMARY

                 This report contains the results of the engineering evaluation performed on a Netwave
                 Technologies AirSurfer Pro Wireless LAN PCMCIA Card. The measurements were carried
                 out in accordance with FCC 96-326. The handset was evaluated at its nominal maximum
                 power level of 22dBm (158mW).

                 The AirSurfer Pro PCMCIA card was tested at high, middle and low frequencies, with the
                 maximum SAR channel 7 (mid). Test data and graphs are presented in this report.

                 Based on the test results, it is certified that the product meets the requirements as set forth in
                 the above specification, for an uncontrolled RF exposure environment.




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                                            TABLE OF CONTENTS




                                      1.0    INTRODUCTION
                                      2.0    APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
                                      3.0    EQUIPMENT UNDER TEST
                                      4.0    TEST EQUIPMENT
                                      5.0    TEST METHODOLOGY
                                      6.0    TEST RESULTS
                                      7.0    CONCLUSIONS


                                             APPENDICES
                                      A.     Manufacturer’s Antenna Specifications
                                      B.     Uncertainty Budget
                                      C.     Tissue Properties
                                      D.     Validation Scans




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                 1.0        INTRODUCTION

                            Tests were conducted to determine the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of a sample of a
                            Netwave Technologies AirSurfer Pro Wireless LAN PCMCIA Card. These tests were
                            conducted at APREL Laboratories’ facility located at 51 Spectrum Way, Nepean, Ontario,
                            Canada. The view of the SAR laboratory can be seen in Figure 1. This report describes
                            the results obtained.


                 2.0        APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

                            The following documents are applicable to the work performed:

                            1)        FCC 96-326, Guidelines for Evaluating the Environmental Effects of Radio-
                                      Frequency Radiation

                            2)        ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to
                                      Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz.

                            3)        ANSI/IEEE C95.3-1992, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Measurement of
                                      Potentially Hazardous Electromagnetic Fields – RF and Microwave.

                            4)        OET Bulletin 65 (Edition 97-01) Supplement C (Edition 97-01), “Evaluating
                                      Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency
                                      Electromagnetic Fields”.


                 3.0        EQUIPMENT UNDER TEST

                            •    Netwave Technologies AirSurfer Pro Wireless LAN PCMCIA Card, (sample 1).

                            •    Netwave Technologies AirSurfer Pro Wireless LAN PCMCIA Card, (sample 2).

                            The transmit antenna is a monopole type with approximately –2dBi gain. The antenna
                            specifications supplied by the manufacturer can be found in Appendix A.

                            Sample 2’s antenna was disabled and an RF connector was connected to the antenna
                            feedpoint in order to be able to monitor the battery condition before and after each SAR
                            scan.




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                 4.0        TEST EQUIPMENT

                            •    Narda 8021B miniature E-field probe, S/N 04007, Asset # 301339.

                            •    CRS Robotics A255 articulated robot arm, S/N RA2750, Asset # 301355.

                            •    CRS Robotics C500 robotic system controller, S/N RC584, Asset # 201354.

                            •    Rohde & Schwarz NRVS, power meter, S/N 864268/017, Asset # 100851.

                            •    Rohde & Schwarz NRV-Z7, power sensor, S/N 862509/006, Asset # 100852.

                            •    APREL F-1, Flat Manikin, S/N 001.

                            •    Tissue Recipe and Calibration Requirements, APREL procedure SSI/DRB-TP-D01-
                                 033.


                 5.0        TEST METHODOLOGY

                            1)        The test methodology utilized in the certification of the Wireless LAN PCMCIA
                                      Card complies with the requirements of FCC 96-326 and ANSI/IEEE C95.3-1992,
                                      (IEEE Recommended Practice for the Measurement of Potentially Hazardous
                                      Electromagnetic Fields – RF and Microwave).

                            2)        The E-field is measured with a small isotropic probe (output voltage proportional
                                          2
                                      to E ).

                            3)        The probe is moved precisely from one point to the next using the robot (1cm
                                      increments for wide area scanning and 0.5cm increments for the final
                                      measurements).

                            4)        The probe travels in the homogeneous liquid simulating human tissue. Appendix C
                                      contains information about the recipe and properties of the simulated tissue.

                            5)        The liquid is contained in a flat manikin simulating a human lap.

                            6)        The PCMCIA card is inserted into a laptop computer and this is positioned in a
                                      normal usage position against the lap simulating flat manikin.

                            7)        All tests were performed with the highest power available from the sample
                                      PCMCIA wireless LAN card, under transmit conditions.

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                            More detailed descriptions of the test method is given in Section 6 when appropriate.




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                                           Figure 1.




                                           Figure 2.
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                 6.0        TEST RESULTS

                 6.1        Handset Characteristics

                            A battery-powered transmitter will consume energy from its batteries, which may
                            affect its transmission characteristics. In order to gage this effect the output of a
                            modified transmitter (sample 2) is sampled before and after each SAR run (the battery
                            is changed after each measurement). In the case of the Netwave Technologies
                            AirSurfer Pro wireless LAN PCMCIA card, operating at a 50% duty cycle, average RF
                            power measurements were made with a R&S RF power meter. The following table
                            shows the results for the 8 sets of results used for this report.

                                          Scan            Channel    Power Before     Power After           Change
                                                                        dBm              dBm                 dBm
                                 Type            Height
                                                 (mm)

                                 Area             2.5        L             9.0             9.0                 0.0
                                 Area             2.5        M             9.0             9.0                 0.0
                                 Area             2.5        H             9.0             9.0                 0.0
                                 Area             2.5        M             9.0             9.0                 0.0
                                 Area             12.5       M             9.0             9.0                 0.0
                                 Zoom             12.5       M             9.0             9.0                 0.0
                                 Zoom             7.5        M             9.0             9.0                 0.0
                                 Zoom             2.5        M             9.0             9.0                 0.0


                            These values should be interpreted as relative values since the R&S RF power meter is not
                            a wide band peak power meter suitable for spread spectrum devices.

                 6.2        SAR Measurements

                            1)        RF exposure is expressed as a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). SAR is calculated
                                      from the E-field, measured in a grid of test points as shown Fig.2. SAR is
                                      expressed as RF power per kilogram of mass, averaged in 1 cubic centimeter of
                                      tissue.

                            2)        The Netwave Technologies AirSurfer Pro was put into test mode for the SAR
                                      measurements using manufacturer supplied keyboard commands to control the
                                      channel (H, M, L) and maximum operating power (nominally 22dBm or 158mW).

                            3)        Figure 2 shows the flat phantom used in the measurements, with the laptop
                                      computer with the inserted PCMCIA wireless LAN card against the manikin. In
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                                      order to see the PCMCIA card this view shows the laptop oriented to simulate RF
                                      exposure of the hand, with the screen removed. To perform SAR scans of the
                                      simulated lap the laptop, with screen attached, is turned upside down under the flat
                                      phantom.

                                      A grid is shown inside the phantom indicating the orientation of the x-y grid used..
                                      The origin (0,0) is scan dependant but is generally located just off the top left
                                      corner of the PCMCIA card. The x-axis is positive towards the bottom and the y-
                                      axis is positive towards the right.

                            4)        Wide area scans were performed for the low (1), middle (7) and high (14)
                                      channels. The presented values were taken 2.5 mm into the simulated tissue from
                                      the flat phantom’s solid inner surface. The peak single point SAR for the scans
                                      were:

                                              Scan Type                    Channel                 Peak Local SAR
                                                                                                       (W/kg)

                                                 Area                         L                          0.0327
                                                 Area                         M                          0.0451
                                                 Area                         H                          0.0147


                                      The channel producing the highest local SAR was used in subsequent
                                      investigations

                            5)        Figure 3 shows a contour plot of the SAR measurements for the Netwave
                                      AirSurfer Pro PCMCIA wireless LAN card (sample 1). The presented values were
                                      taken 2.5 mm into the simulated tissue from the flat phantom’s solid inner surface.

                                     A different presentation of the same data is shown in Figure 4. This is a surface
                                     plot, where the measured SAR values provide the vertical dimension, which is useful
                                     as a visualization aid.

                                     Similar data was obtained 12.5 mm into the simulated tissue. These measurements
                                     are presented as a contour plot in Figure 5 and surface plot in Figure 6.

                                     Figure 7 shows overlays of the PCMCIA card’s outline and a portion of the laptop’s
                                     outline, superimposed onto the contour plot previously shown as Figure 5.

                                     Figures 3 through 6 show that there is a dominant peak, in the contour plots, that
                                     diminishes in magnitude with depth into the tissue simulation.


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                            6)        The low channel (1) SAR peak was then explored on a refined 0.5cm grid in three
                                      dimensions. Figures 8, 9 and 10 show the measurements made at 2.5, 7.5 and 12.5
                                                                                        3
                                      mm respectively. The SAR value averaged over 1 cm was determined from these
                                      measurements by averaging the 27 points (3x3x3) comprising a 1 cm cube. The
                                                                                       3
                                      maximum SAR value measured averaged over 1 cm was determined from these
                                      measurements to be 0.028 W/kg
                                                                                                   3
                            7)        To extrapolate the maximum SAR value averaged over 1 cm to the inner surface
                                      of the head phantom a series of measurements were as a function of depth. Figure
                                      11 shows the data gathered and the exponential curves fit to them (Microsoft Excel
                                      97). The average exponential coefficient was determined to be -0.0593 /mm with
                                           2
                                      an R value of 0.9983.

                                      The distance from the probe tip to the inner surface of the head phantom for the
                                      lowest point is 2.5 mm. The distance from the probe tip to the tip of the measuring
                                      dipole within the Narda 8021B miniature RF probe is 7 mm. The total
                                      extrapolation distance is 9.5 mm, the sum of these two.

                                      Applying the exponential coefficient over the 9.5 mm to the maximum SAR value
                                                        3
                                      average over 1 cm that was determined previously, we obtain the maximum
                                      SAR value at the surface averaged over 1 cm3 of 0.049 W/kg.




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                 Local SAR 2.5mm Above Phantom Surface
                                                                                                           Local SAR (W/kg)

                                                                                                                                                                        9


                                                                                                                                                                        8


                                                                                                                                                                        7


                                                                                                                                                                        6

                                                                                                                                                                                                              0.04-0.06




                                                                                                                                                                            y-axis (cm)
                                                                                                                                                                        5
                                                                                                                                                                                                              0.02-0.04
                                                                                                                                                                                                              0-0.02
                                                                                                                                                                        4


                                                                                                                                                                        3


                                                                                                                                                                        2


                                                                                                                                                                        1


                                                                                                                                                                        0
                                                                      0       1       2        3       4        5       6       7       8       9        10        11
                                                                                                               x-axis (cm)
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Figure 3




                                                      0.16                                                                                                                                                    0.14-0.16


                                                                                                                                                                                                              0.12-0.14
                                                      0.14

                                                                                                                                                                                                              0.1-0.12

                                                      0.12
                                                                                                                                                                                                              0.08-0.1
                                   Local SAR (W/kg)




                                                        0.1                                                                                                                                                   0.06-0.08


                                                       0.08                                                                                                                                                   0.04-0.06


                                                                                                                                                                                                              0.02-0.04
                                                       0.06

                                                                                                                                                                                                              0-0.02
                                                        0.04



                                                        0.02                                                                                                                                          8

                                                                                                                                                                                                  6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                )
                                                                                                                                                                                                             (cm




                                                              0                                                                                                                               4
                                                                                                                                                                                                         xis




                                                                  0       1
                                                                                                                                                                                                      y-a




                                                                                  2                                                                                                       2
                                                                                          3        4       5        6       7
                                                                                              x-axis (cm)
                                                                                                                                    8       9       10
                                                                                                                                                                            0                             Figure 4
                                                                                                                                                              11




                 Page 11 of 24                                                                                                                                                                        Report No.3014
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                 Local SAR 12.5mm Above Phantom Surface
                                                                                                           Local SAR (W/kg)


                                                                                                                                                                    9


                                                                                                                                                                    8


                                                                                                                                                                    7


                                                                                                                                                                    6

                                                                                                                                                                                                          0.04-0.06




                                                                                                                                                                        y-axis (cm)
                                                                                                                                                                    5
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0.02-0.04
                                                                                                                                                                                                          0-0.02
                                                                                                                                                                    4


                                                                                                                                                                    3


                                                                                                                                                                    2


                                                                                                                                                                    1



                                                                   0       1       2       3       4        5       6       7       8       9        10        11
                                                                                                                                                                    0                             Figure 5
                                                                                                           x-axis (cm)




                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.14-0.16
                                                   0.16

                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.12-0.14
                                                   0.14
                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.1-0.12

                                                   0.12
                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.08-0.1
                                Local SAR (W/kg)




                                                     0.1                                                                                                                                                 0.06-0.08


                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.04-0.06
                                                    0.08

                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.02-0.04
                                                    0.06
                                                                                                                                                                                                         0-0.02

                                                    0.04


                                                     0.02                                                                                                                                         8
                                                                                                                                                                                              6
                                                                                                                                                                                                            )
                                                                                                                                                                                                         (cm




                                                           0                                                                                                                              4
                                                                                                                                                                                                     xis




                                                               0       1
                                                                                                                                                                                                  y-a




                                                                               2       3                                                                                              2
                                                                                               4       5        6       7                                                                         Figure 6
                                                                                                                                8                                       0
                                                                                           x-axis (cm)                                  9       10        11



                 Page 12 of 24                                                                                                                                                                        Report No.3014
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                                                               Local SAR (W/kg)
                                                                                                                               PCMCIA
                                                                                                                              Slot Door
                                                                                                    9


                                                                                                    8


                                                                                                    7


                                                                                                    6

                                                                                                                                     0.04-0.06




                                                                                                        y-axis (cm)
                                                                                                    5
                                                                                                                                     0.02-0.04

                                                                                                                                     0-0.02
                                                                                                    4


                                                                                                    3


                                                                                                    2

                         Edge of                                                                              Figure 7
                                                                                                    1
                         Laptop
                                                                                                    0
                                           0   1   2   3   4     5      6     7   8   9   10   11
                                                                x-axis (cm)



                                                                  PCMCIA Card




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                                                     Local SAR 2.5mm Above Surface (W/kg)


                                                                                                    0


                                                                                                    0.5


                                                                                                    1



                                                                                                    1.5
                                                                                                                         0.04-0.06




                                                                                                           y-axis (cm)
                                                                                                                         0.02-0.04
                                                                                                    2
                                                                                                                         0-0.02


                                                                                                    2.5



                                                                                                    3


                                                                                                    3.5

                               Figure 8
                                                                                                    4
                                           0   0.5    1     1.5        2        2.5   3   3.5   4
                                                                  x-axis (cm)



                                                     Local SAR 7.5mm Above Surface (W/kg)


                                                                                                    4


                                                                                                    3.5


                                                                                                    3



                                                                                                    2.5
                                                                                                           y-axis (cm)   0.02-0.04
                                                                                                    2                    0-0.02



                                                                                                    1.5



                                                                                                    1


                                                                                                    0.5


                             Figure 9                                                               0
                                           0   0.5    1     1.5        2        2.5   3   3.5   4
                                                                  x-axis (cm)



                                                     Local SAR 12.5mm Above Surface (W/kg)


                                                                                                    4



                                                                                                    3.5



                                                                                                    3



                                                                                                    2.5
                                                                                                          y-axis (cm)




                                                                                                                         0.02-0.04
                                                                                                    2                    0-0.02


                                                                                                    1.5



                                                                                                    1



                                                                                                    0.5



                             Figure 10     0   0.5    1     1.5       2         2.5   3   3.5   4
                                                                                                    0


                                                                  x-axis (cm)




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                                                          Local SAR versus Probe Depth

                                  0.09

                                                                                                      -0.0593x
                                  0.08                                                     y = 0.0546e
                                                                                                2
                                                                                              R = 0.9983

                                  0.07


                                  0.06
                     SAR (W/kg)




                                  0.05


                                  0.04


                                  0.03


                                  0.02


                                  0.01


                                    0
                                         -7   -2    3               8               13           18                 23
                                                   Elevation Above Manikin Surface (mm)




                                                                              Figure 11.




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                 7.0        CONCLUSIONS

                            The maximum Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) averaged over 1g, determined on channel 7
                            (M), of the Netwave Technologies AirSurfer Pro Wireless LAN PCMCIA Card, is 0.049
                            W/kg when operating at a 50% duty cycle.. With a 100% duty cycle the maximum 1g
                            SAR would be extrapolated to be 0.097 W/kg. The overall margin of uncertainty for this
                            measurement is ±34.9%. The SAR limit given in the FCC 96-326 safety guideline is 1.6
                            W/kg. This unit as tested is found to be compliant with this requirement.




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                                                      APPENDIX A

                                           Manufacturer’s Antenna Specifications




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Transmit antenna is a monopole type with approximately -2 dBi gain.




                 Netwave AirSurfer Pro


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                                                                APPENDIX B

                                                             Uncertainty Budget

                                      Uncertainties Contributing to the Overall Uncertainty




                 Type of Uncertainty                              Specific             Uncertainty
                                                                  to


                 Power variation due to battery                   PCMCIA                    0%
                 condition                                        wireless
                                                                  LAN card
                 Extrapolation due to curve fit of SAR            PCMCIA                   23.5%
                 versus depth                                     wireless
                                                                  LAN card


                 Extrapolation due to depth                       Setup                    2.9%
                 measurement


                 Conductivity                                     Setup                    6.0%

                 Density                                          Setup                    2.6%

                 Tissue enhancement factor                        Setup                    7.0%

                 Voltage measurement                              Setup                    23.5%

                 Probe sensitivity factor                         Setup                    3.5%



                                                                                           34.9%               RSS


                            Note that the overall uncertainty is determined using the root sum square method (RSS).



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                                                                  APPENDIX C

                                           Tissue Simulated Material and Calibration Technique

                            The tissue mixture used was based on that presented SSI/DRB-TP-D01-033, “Tissue
                            Recipe and Calibration Requirements”.

                            Deionized water                  45.3%
                            Sugar                            54.3%
                            HEC                              0.3%
                            Bactericide                      0.1%

                            Mass density, ρ           1.30g/ml. (The density used to determine SAR from the
                                                                                                          3,
                                                             measurements was the recommended 1.04kg/m found in
                                                             Appendix C of Supplement C to OET Bulletin 65, Edition
                                                             97-01.)

                            Dielectric parameters of the synthetic material were determined using a Hewlett Packard
                            8510 network analyzer, a Hewlett Packard 809B Slotted Line Carriage, and an APREL
                            SLP-001 Slotted Line Probe. The dielectric properties are :

                            Dielectric constant, εr          34.0
                            Conductivity, σ                  2.365S/m
                            Enhancement factor, γ            11.9




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                                   Calibration Date: 10-Jun-98
                                        Frequency:     2450     MHz
                                                By: Antonio Utano

                                          Mixture Type: Brain/Muscle
                                                  Date:
                                                    By:


                                     Position             Amplitude            Phase
                                      [cm ]                 [dBm]               [deg]               [deg]
                                        0                  -40.385             147.63              147.63
                                       0.5                 -43.639             57.908              57.908
                                        1                  -46.922              -31.45              -31.45
                                       1.5                 -50.105             -117.86             -117.86
                                        2                  -53.246             153.52              -206.48
                                       2.5                 -56.582             63.285             -296.715

                                          ∆ dB 1            -9.72              ∆ deg1              -265.49
                                          ∆ dB 2            -9.607             ∆ deg2             -264.388
                                          ∆ dB 3            -9.66              ∆ deg3             -265.265
                                  ∆ dB AVG       [dB]       -9.66          ∆ degAVG   [deg]        -265.05
                            dB AVG (α AVG ) [dB/cm]         -6.44      degAVG (β AVG) [deg/cm]     -176.70
                                (α AVG) [NP/cm]           -0.7416115       (β AVG ) [rad/cm]     -3.08396964

                                         f [Hz]           2.45E+09
                                     µ    [H/cm]          1.2566E-08
                                     εo   [F/cm]          8.854E-14



                                            εr              33.99
                                σ ef f ectiv e   [S/cm]   2.365E-02




                 Page 20 of 24                                                                                 Report No.3014
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                                                                                                       e-mail: info@aprel.com


Research *Training *Consulting *Testing                                                                                               Since 1981
 Solutions for the Wireless Future




                                                                Muscle Mixture @ 2450MHz

                                            -38                                                                  200


                                            -40                                                                  150


                                            -42                                                                  100


                                            -44                                                                  50


                                            -46                                                                  0
                       Log Magnitute (dB)




                                                                                                                        Phase (deg)
                                            -48                                                                  -50
                                                                                                                                      [dBm]
                                                                                                                                      [deg]
                                            -50                                                                  -100


                                            -52                                                                  -150


                                            -54                                                                  -200


                                            -56                                                                  -250


                                            -58                                                                  -300


                                            -60                                                                  -350
                                                  0   0.5   1         1.5          2       2.5               3
                                                                  centimeters




                 Page 21 of 24                                                                           Report No.3014
                 51 Spectrum Way                                                                    Tel. (613) 820 2730
                 Nepean, Ontario K2R 1E6                                                            Fax (613) 820 4161
                                                                                                 e-mail: info@aprel.com


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 Solutions for the Wireless Future




                     1900      MHz Data (Paul & Antonio)
                                                                                     delta T     Sum       Thermal
                   RF Power                               Ch0       Ch1      Ch2     (30 sec)    Vi/Ei       SAR
                   W        dBm             R&S           uV        uV       uV       deg. C                W/kg

                    0.236592       23.74          -5.46    200     579        232    0.0017     1260.51      0.16
                    0.298538       24.75          -4.45    216     690       302.5   0.0038     1509.09      0.35
                    0.371535        25.7           -3.5    244     802       350.5   0.0047     1744.05      0.43
                    0.451856       26.55          -2.65    287     947        409    0.0061     2051.66      0.56
                    0.570164       27.56          -1.64    361     1206      510.5   0.0065     2593.78      0.60
                    0.719449       28.57          -0.63   444.5   1486.5      615    0.0085     3177.89      0.79
                    0.912011        29.6            0.4    548     1809       741    0.0104     3866.2       0.96
                    1.199499       30.79           1.59   722.5   2408.5     986.5   0.0121     5138.76      1.12
                    1.465548       31.66           2.46    869    2910.5    1213.5   0.0133     6232.82      1.23

                          Directional Coupler factor      19.2    dB (Asset 100251 cal file data (Janusz, 21 Jul 96))
                        Additional inline attenuation      10     dB

                                      Sensitivity (e)     0.55      0.54     0.51    - Sensor Sensitivity in mV/ (mW/cm2): 2450 MHz cal (Janusz, 16 Sep 97)
                                        η = 1.50 e        0.825     0.81     0.765

                   Density                                          1.3   g/cm3  1300  kg/m3 - Marcin, summer 97
                   Conductivity                                    23.65 mS/cm 2.365    S/m - Antonio Utano, 10 Jun 98
                   Heat Capacity (c)                               2.775  J/C/g  2775  J/C/kg - average of Balzano (2.7) and Kuster (2.85) values
                   Exposure Time                                     30  seconds  30  seconds
                   Slope of Measure Voltage (mV)                  4048.71 uV/W 0.00405 V/W
                   - standard error or mV                         38.9591   uV/W     3.9E-05     V/W         1.0%
                   Slope of Measure Temp Change (mT)              0.00897    C/W     0.00897     C/W
                   - standard error or mT                         0.00079    C/W     0.00079     C/W         8.8%

                   Tissue Conversion Factor (γ )                    11.9




                 Page 22 of 24                                                                                                    Report No.3014
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                 Nepean, Ontario K2R 1E6                                                                                     Fax (613) 820 4161
                                                                                                                          e-mail: info@aprel.com


Research *Training *Consulting *Testing                                                                                                           Since 1981
 Solutions for the Wireless Future




                                                            RF Power vs Compensated Voltage (left scale)
                                                             and 30 Second Thermal Change (right scale)
                                     7000                                                                                                     0.016



                                                                                                                                              0.014
                                     6000

                                                                           y = 4048.7x + 263.42
                                                                                R2 = 0.9994                                                   0.012
                                     5000




                                                                                                                                                      Temperature Rise (deg. C)
                                                                                                                                              0.01
                                                                                                                 y = 0.009x + 0.0013
                                     4000                                                                            R2 = 0.9488
                      Voltage (uV)




                                                                                                                                              0.008

                                     3000
                                                                                                                                              0.006


                                     2000
                                                                                                                                              0.004

                                                                                                       Compensated Voltage
                                     1000                                                              30 sec Thermal Change                  0.002
                                                                                                       Linear (30 sec Thermal Change)
                                                                                                       Linear (Compensated Voltage)
                                       0                                                                                                      0
                                            0   0.2   0.4            0.6              0.8         1        1.2             1.4          1.6
                                                                               RF Power (Watts)




                 Page 23 of 24                                                                                            Report No.3014
                 51 Spectrum Way                                                                                     Tel. (613) 820 2730
                 Nepean, Ontario K2R 1E6                                                                             Fax (613) 820 4161
                                                                                                                  e-mail: info@aprel.com


Research *Training *Consulting *Testing                                                                                                                                                                                         Since 1981
 Solutions for the Wireless Future




                                                                                                               APPENDIX D

                                                                                                               Validation Scans
                                                                                         Reference PCS Telephone (1900MHz, 30dBm)
                                                                                             SAR Scan with Flat Phantom (W/kg)



                                                                                                                                                                                                    0


                                                                                                                                                                                                    1


                                                                                                                                                                                                    2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.3-0.4




                                                                                                                                                                                                        y-axis (cm)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.2-0.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                    3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.1-0.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0-0.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                    4


                                                                                                                                                                                                    5


                                                                                                                                                                                                    6
                   0                        1        2       3       4       5       6    7       8       9       10         11    12    13        14        15   16   17          18          19
                                                                                                          x-axis (cm)




                                                                                         Reference PCS Telephone (1900MHz, 30dBm)
                                                                                                SAR Scan with Flat Phantom


                                          1.6
                                          1.5                                                                                                                                                               1.5-1.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1.4-1.5
                                          1.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1.3-1.4
                                          1.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1.2-1.3
                                          1.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1.1-1.2
                                          1.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1-1.1
                       Local SAR (W/kg)




                                            1                                                                                                                                                               0.9-1
                                           0.9                                                                                                                                                              0.8-0.9
                                           0.8                                                                                                                                                              0.7-0.8
                                           0.7                                                                                                                                                              0.6-0.7

                                           0.6                                                                                                                                                              0.5-0.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                            0.4-0.5
                                           0.5
                                                                                                                                                                                                            0.3-0.4
                                           0.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                            0.2-0.3
                                            0.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                            0.1-0.2
                                            0.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                            0-0.1
                                            0.1
                                                 0
                                                                                                                                                                                   6
                                                     0
                                                                                                                                                                                              )




                                                         1
                                                                                                                                                                                             (cm




                                                                 2   3                                                                                                         4
                                                                         4       5   6    7
                                                                                                                                                                                        xis




                                                                                              8       9                                                                    2
                                                                                                          10    11
                                                                                                                                                                                       y-a




                                                                                                                        12    13
                                                                                          x-axis (cm)                              14   15                             0
                                                                                                                                              16        17   18   19



                 Page 24 of 24                                                                                                                                                 Report No.3014
                 51 Spectrum Way                                                                                                                                          Tel. (613) 820 2730
                 Nepean, Ontario K2R 1E6                                                                                                                                  Fax (613) 820 4161
                                                                                                                                                                       e-mail: info@aprel.com



Document Created: 1998-07-14 15:35:20
Document Modified: 1998-07-14 15:35:20

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