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S SERIES USER MANUAL RELM Communications, Inc. S SERIES RF TRANSCEIVER USER MANUAL RELM Communications, Inc 7505 Technology Drive W. Melbourne, Florida 32904 Voice: 407— 984—1414 Fax: 407—984—0434 Manual Revision 1.0 January 1998 Applicable reference: ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 29

S SERIES USER MANUAL Micro—controller Board Rev C S Series Utility Software ver 1.0 To continually improve our products, RELM Communications, Inc. reserves the right to alter, without notice and at any time, the equipment and specifications described in this document. All quoted performance figures are typical and are subject to normal manufacturing and service tolerances. The purchaser is warned that statements made in this document may be inaccurate due to typographical or other errors, or subsequent modifications of the product. Although every care was taken in the creation of this document, no warranty of accuracy or reliability is given in any advice or information contained in this document. The responsibility for any loss or damage whatsoever arising in any way or any representation, act, or omission whether express or implied (including responsibility to any person by reasonof negligence) is not accepted by RELM Communications, Inc. or any officer, agent, or employee of RELM Communications, Inc. Copyright © RELM Communications, Inc. 30 ©RELM Communications inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL Contents CONTENTS 22022200000000000000000svaveesns ovsvencone veveovsvevevevevervencnreerevnevennnenernenesanvnavsvesvenssnsscsesrsnenescerecersersersserviee 33 INTRODUCTION ..2,.22200002020200 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 vev eveve e nenenevev evenevenerencencrnen e ven . 35 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ... ..........2.0.0ce0ee enc en en enc rvenenenveveeeeveve en en en rnevenennenenneenenncnenenenevenenvevnenenenenenvnnenerenenne 35 Exciter Module Description ..... «.235 Receiver Module Description ... Power Amplifier Module Description. KEY FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES.. INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS ... Standard Version Front Panel .. Rear Panel Connectors ... Rear view S SERtes .. Smz view S SErtEs.... INSTALLATION TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION...........vevnseesermseenereceersnnmserecnes rvmess. «. 40 INTERNAL CONNECTIONS ............c.cccccccele EXxcITER MODULE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION. RECEIVER MODULE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION .. PA MODULE TECENICAL DESCRIPTION .. MICRO—CONTROLLER CONFIGURATION... Description of Micro—Controller Jumper Functions ........ TESTING 44 CONNECTING A COMPUTER TO THE $ SERIES RaDiO TEsT SETUP ........ TEsT PROCEDURE S SERIES BASE STATION UTILATY.........cc.ccccceseemc.e.... eeveernesserecnsvereceseererererverseceeavvevervevseresesescerenmsnenne 45 INITIAL SETUP AND DESCRIPTION .......... «... 45 Main Display Tool Bar Description. ... 45 Initial Settings ............ 45 Initial Static Settings... Channel Programming and Description . QUICK FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING .. FULL CALIBRATION ........................ 46 DEsCRIPTION OF PROGRAM FUNCTIONS.. «.47 Synthesizer Control.... «.47 Modulation Control ... 47 Transmit RF Power Output CTCSS Control.... Channel Selection TROUBLESHOOTING...............evvevermeenensensererereceerenernenvcceseevermeeseeservrerversrerrennrernververes ermeeseserscerverenerncrens 48 GLOSSARY .......seveeerererermenecrers anenenesconsasscaseveveevereereereververenserersesvencevereessenverevenerenceevveservererennennnevererensrerccnse 49 APPENDIX A SPECIFICATIONS .2 0. 0000+0r0rervererecvevseversnevevrrersarrereranerersennnerecsecoesnenecesencevecscerece ... 50 ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 33

S SERIES USER MANUAL MinIMUM PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................ TRANSMITTER MODULE SPECIFICATIONS... RECEIVER MODULE SPECIFICATIONS ANCILLARIES ..........0eceemnemmmeremces APPENDIX B INTERFACE CONNECTIONS,...,.,.2.000000 eecesveee2eeesreesetereeavrneverbervencerereserceronsvnererneveserecsese 83 S SERIES REAR CHASSIS CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION ,.......... ... .cs ce sceeev enc rvenennerenenreeannerenvenrnerernerensenenrece 53 Universal DB15 Analog VO. .. DB25 Digital 1/O Connector PC SERIAL Port To RAbDrO CABLE . APPENDIX C DIP SWITCH SETTINGS............anvereeversscccnecrncces .. 57 DIP SwircH 1 CHANNEL SELECTION ..... DIP Switck 2 Use® Funcrion SELECT. APPENDIX D MODEL NUMBER CONFIGURATION GUIDE ... revervsee. 64 34 ©RELM Communications inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL Introduction The S Scries of radio systems uses statc—of—the—art design and construction methods to deliver a range of high—performance, ultra—reliable radio devices. These radio systems are ideally suited for use in VHF or UHF two—way voice radio systems; however, the S Series can perform any number of applications where the added advantage of linear frequency and phase response from DC to 5KHz can be used. The S Series, unlike conventional PLL radio systems, uses a two—point modulation method synthesizer for extended low— end VF transmit frequency response. The flexibility of the S Series allowsit to be configured for a wide range of applications: * Standard or wideband voice, full duplex radio e Cellular or trunking systems * POCSAG paging transmitter * Direct FSK modulation * Two— or four—level FSK transmissions e Other paging formats * Cross band link or repeater General Description The S Series of radio systems features a high degree of RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) and EMI (Electro—Magnetic Interference) screening throughovut its design and construction. The receiver and exciter (low—power transmitter) modules are contained in a solid machined aluminum enclosure, and for additional screening, each interface pin is individually filtered. The PA (Power Amplifier) module is contained in a special compact extrusion for minimum harmonic radiation. In addition, the RF (Radio Frequency) modules and the micro—controller are also contained in the main screened 2RU (Rack Unit) case for low conducted and radiated emissions and minimal susceptibility to RFI and EML The S Series consists of four main sub assemblies: an exciter module, a receiver module, a power amplifier module, and a micro—controller board. For further information on these sub assemblies, refer to the Technical Description section later in this manual. Exciter Module Description The exciter module features a modulation bandwidth to DC (Direct Current) with an ultra—wide RF bandwidth 20MHz—1000MHz at an output power of 300mW. To change from one band to another, all you need to do is change the plug in the VCO board; no other manual adjustment or change is required. If a high stability reference is required, the RF modules can be fitted with connectors for an external reference oscillator input. On—board memory stores calibration, personality information, and program data. Alternatively, the exciter module can be set up as a conventional PLL (Phase Locked Loop) if simplicity and minimum cost are required. The fractional N synthesizer provides ultra low spurious while still maintaining fast lock times, even at 6.25KHz step size or less. An optional built turn—around mixer (TRM) provides advanced diagnostics such as receiver sensitivity tests. @RELM Communications inc. Revision 1.0 35

S SERIES USER MANUAL Receiver Module Description The receiver module features the same advanced synthesizer and wide bandwidth as the exciter. Only the front end bandpass filter and VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) need to be changed to support different frequency bands, resulting in significant flexibility and end—user cost savings. The custom—built front end bandpassfilter has a wide no—adjust bandwidth equal to the band allocation. The receiver has extremely high sensitivity while maintaining excellent intermodulation immunity and adjacent channel rejection. A double first IF (Intermediate Frequency) provides excellent rejection to commonly known spurious responses. High blocking of over 120dB typical ensures that strong interfering signals do not desensitize the receiver when receiving weak signals. Power Amplifier Module Description The PA is very compact and efficient for high reliability and low cost. The heatsink has minimal temperature rise even under continuous operation. This also ensures the best MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) obtainable for a practical design. A low—loss 13—clement elliptical low—pass filter ensures that any harmonics remain below ~100dBc. Key Features and Advantages * Exceptional system performance * Modular internal construction * Software or hardware configurable & 50 Watt continuous transmitter (30 Watt above 800 MHz) e Programming via RS232 * 256 channel capacity * Optional CTCSS (Continuous Tone Coded Squeich System) & Paging capability * VF filters and processing can be bypassed e Fast mute e 20mS Rx (Receiver) and TX (Transmitter), 4m8 selectable & Front panel display & Digital squelch compatible e Wide band Rx and TX * Isolated PTT (Push To Talk) input e Digitally controlled and corrected TX deviation * Programmable TX power * Direct FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) or paging compatible e VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and Temp protection e Compact 2RU case e 13.8 Volt operation * Available in continuous coverage from 66 to 88MHz, 135 to 520MHz, and 805 to I60MHz * Surface mount technology used throughout * Rear analog and digital interfaces Other options and variations are available. Please consult RELM Communications for further details. 36 ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

$ SERIES USER MANUAL Indicators and Connectors The $ Series can be supplied with custom front panels. The standard version is shown below. The following tables explain the functions of the front panel LED‘s. Each LED indicates the status of the S Series Base Station in real time. Standard Version Front Panel FUNCTION_ The power supply voltage is within software selectable limits. A signal is being received by the receiver or the receiver squeich is open. The transmitter is transmitting RF power. A valid Continuous Tone Coded Squelch Signal has been detected. The aux function is selected, or the PLL is unlocked. LEDS: POWER TX CTCSS AUX ALARM @©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 37

5 SERIES USER MANUAL Rear Panel Connectors ; CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION ; DC POWER INPUT 13.8 Volt DC power input. Also +28 Volt input on spare pin. i SIMPLEX RELAY OUT OR Location for internal simplex relay. The antenna for RX/TX i | N—TYPE RX INPUT connects to this point. Or an N—type connector can be used for the ; input to the receiver for full duplex operation. i i BNC RX INPUT Standard BNC connector for the input to the receiver for full duplex operation. N TYPE TX OUTPUT The RF power output from the transmitter for fult duplex operation. i SPARE RJ11 Provision for internal expansion. DB25—F PARALLEL 1O Provides two 8—bit input ports, where one is used as the parallel BCD channel select. Also one spare 8—bit input port. ; DB15 UNIVERSAL Provides the necessary analog receiver and transmitter interface | ANALOG 1O for system expansion. RS—232 SERIAL PORT 9600 baud serial port for frequency programming, channel selection, and alarm and status monitoring, Rear View S Series DC POWER INPUT SIMPLEX RELAY OUT OR N TYPE RX INPUT OR BNC RXINPUT N—TYPE TX OUTPUT THERMALLY CONTROLLED FAN SPARE RJ11 TRANSMITTER HEATSINK HOLE SPARE 4 OFF SCREWS FOR DB25—F DB15 EASY PA MODULE PARALLEL 1/O HOLE REMOVAL DB15 UNIVERSAL RS—232 ANALOG 1/O SERIAL PORT 38 ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL Side View S Series MOUNTING HOLES FOR SLIDE—OUT RAILS THE HEAT SINK AIRFLOW EXITS SIDEWAYS SO ANY NUMBER OF S SERIES CAN BE STACKED IN A RACK ONE ABOVE THE OTHER. Installation WARNING: Observe all safety precautions when working with electrical and electronic equipment. Contact Spectra Engineering if you are in any doubt about the suitability of your test environment. S Series radio systems are securely packed for transport in polystyrene foam peanuts inside a pasteboard container. Before unpacking the S Series radio, please inspect the packaging for signs of damage, and report any damage to your S Series distributor. As you unpack the S Series radio, make sure you received all items shipped. Report any missing items to your S Series distributor. All ports on the rear of the radio should be carefully examined to ensure that packaging has not become wedged inside them. It is very important to examine the fan because operation of the radio will be affected if any packaging causes the fan to stop working. If you intend to install the radio in an equipment rack, consult the installation manual for your system. Spectra Engineering recommends that the radio be secured into the rack system using four screws through the mounting holes in the front panel, near the handles. If the radio is to be used in a stand—alone configuration, be sure the radio is in a secure, dry location with sufficient air space to allow for adequate ventilation. ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 39

$ SERIES USER MANUAL Technical Description Internal Connections The internal design of the $ Series is of a modular nature, allowing for simple configuration and maintenance while ensuring minimal downtime. For reference purposes, an image of a typical S Series system is shown below. WELDED SEALED CHASSIS CONSTRUCTION PA MODULE MICRO—CONTROLLER EXCITER MODULE RECEIVER MODULE 40 @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL Exciter Module Technical Description RF from the VCO, at a nominal level of +3dBm, is applied to the fractional—N synthesizer IC (Integrated Circuit) main divider input. A second, separate RF output of the same level from the VCO is used as the main transmit RF amplifier signal source. The main signal is first buffered by a very high isolation circuit consisting of a 10dB pad and a MMIC (microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit) amplifier. The signal is further amplified by a variable—gain wide—band amplifier with a 40dB control range and a power output of 300mW. The drive power of this stage is used to set the output power of the main power amplifier. The output of the charge pump of the synthesizeris filtered, then amplified by the noninverting low—noise op amp. The op amp uses a 25—volt power supply to provide a wide tuning range voltage to the frequency control varicaps located on the VCO board. The VCO boards and synthesizer circuits are the same for the exciter and receiver modules. The VCO consists of a 10mm ceramic coaxial resonator with a common base oscillator for low—phase noise for bands 805—960 MHz. Frequencies below 520 MHz use an LC tank circuit. The power supply to the VCO consists of a its own 8—volt regulator and active filter for maximum noise rejection. For standard modulation, transmit audio is fed to the conventional point of the VCO varactor, For two—point modulation, audio is also fed to the voltage control pin of the VC—TXCO (Voltage—Controlled Temperature—Compensated Crystal Oscillator). This in effect cancels out the PLL error that would otherwise have occurred for low audio frequencies, resulting in a flat VF (Voice Frequency) response. Receiver Module Technical Description The receive signal from the antenna enters a three—section band passfilter (BPF) that provides the initial filtering for the front end amplifier. The front end amplifier is a broad—band high—performance MMIC with a gain of 20dB, NF (Noise Filter) of 44B, and 3rd OIP (Third Order Intercept Point) of +36dB. This is then followed by the second three—section BPF, then a high—level double—balanced mixer. RF from the VCO is buffered and amplified to +17dBm and injected in the high—level mixer, which down converts the signal to the IF frequency of 90 MHz. The IF signal of 90 MHz from the mixer is terminated by a bi— directional constant—impedance diplexer network and is then amplified by a bipolar amplifier with a gain of 15dB and 3rd OIP of +35dB. This provides a high degree of intermodulation rejection for the receiver. This stage is followed by a four—pole 90 MHz crystal filter with its associated matching networks. The signal is further amplified and filtered by a transistor and its associated two—pole crystal filter before being fed into the main IF demodulator chip with a second IF frequency of 455 KHz. The resulting audio is passed out to the micro—controller board. PA Module Technical Description RF from the exciter is first attenuated by a 50—ohm pad that provides a good 50—ohm source impedance for the high—power hybrid amplifier. The RF is amplified to 5—13 watts at its 50—ohm output. The signal from the hybrid is then matched by a broad—band network to drive the low—input impedance associated with the final transmit power amplifier transistor. The low collector impedance of the transistor is then also matched back to 50 ohms with a broad—band matching network. Several trimmer capacitors allow you to adjust the power amplifier over a wide bandwidth to maintain good conversion efficiency. The dual—directional coupler consists of coupled microstrip transmission lines fabricated on the PCB (printed Circuit Board) artwork. The sampled RF energy is rectified to provide a proportional DC voltage output. Prior to transmission, a low—loss 13—elementelliptical low—pass filter filters out the unwanted harmonics to less than —100dBc. @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 41

S SERIES USER MANUAL Micro—Controller Configuration The view below is an image of the micro—controller layout and the position of the jumpers and DIP switches (highlighted) that are used for setting the general configuration of the audio filters, PTT functions, and other various facilities. e &0 ie B cre t 0. .. [: id es 04 390 D 55. s B2 [CV s 4 C S li%g..l. z.. sBOH 2o 14 T. ar [ 1 a. hk Oe o) \AFQ I *" *—5<c. mmonr festce |[ on «qs life TooeQ ~m a ime «JEomoip8 Ee CR thEP" _ ul #4— "Phy q — "~TH> ,{m 20— GG4ge— alrg QD:%B C_] o« LzJ 3 Eegyee 6 ~16 De T neumsree tr— T/. i:{“" & PCs — 1 D ={€088 "D— c g” mi c ven ir Metmen m aise tzD i n El L. z & fi‘im re ’:—ED EIK,.5 2©MC— C Sm @ll 9 &c_ag; af(epls efi oA Cl o 53 3 n reeiswar «> 44 «l fF) m 1 TT es C3 = t [ : [ seum C EO "C CQofon C ie ; C wmeem| h. # C tw ie C F1 « C sernee on| J — Sozt [] s C ww cm| E) e ake Et : o acwy & [w &3 C———=p« C———pe 3 TB =L—LC3 E seecrea cnomerring (ee c . wx@oo miceo CONTRULLER Ii“*” 4*04 E* 44 Pm um i6 1957 t NOTE: Not all components shown are fitted. @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 42

S SERIES USER MANUAL Description of Micro—Controller Jumper Functions | JMP# FUNCTION / DESCRIPTION | JMP 1 Selects cither default RUN or EMULATE mode for the micro—processor i JMP 2 Enables the WATCHDOG auto reset function in the micro—processor i JMP 3 Enables or disables the PRE—EMPHASIS for the TX audio ; JMP 4 Enables or disables the COMPRESSOR for the TX audio | JMP 5 Enables or disables the HIGH PASS FILTER for the Rx audio | JMP 6 Enables or disables the LOW PASS FILTER for the Rx audio i JMP 7 Enables or disables the DE—EMPHASIS processing for the Rx audio JMP 8 Selects a common earth or floating PTT input (See Appendix B) : JMP 9 Selects the PTT mode (See Appendix B) | JMP 10 Controls the direction of the RS—232 TX and Rx data (See the next section and Appendix B) i JMP 11 Controls the direction of the RS—232 TX and Rx data (See the next section and Appendix B) | JMP 12 Enables a direct connection to the TX modulation, not normally used (See Appendix B) ; JMP 13 Enables or disables the HIGH PASS FILTER for the TX audio i { JMP 14 _ Enables a direct connection to the TX modulation viathe limiter andpostLPF (SeeAppendix B)_| ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 43

S SERIES USER MANUAL Testing The following equipment is required to test S Series radios: * A radio communications test set with 600 O interfaces * A digital multimeter e An oscilloscope e 13.8V power supply * A PC with at least 8Mb of RAM, a serial port, and the S Series Base Station Utility software installed. * A suitable cable to connect the serial port of the PC to the S Series radio RS—232 port (see Appendix B). * A suitable power lead as supplied with the radio * Suitable low—loss RF cables and connectors. CAUTION: Attempting to operate the transmitter without an appropriate load connected to the RF output could cause physical damage to the unit and void the warranty. Contact Spectra Engineering if you are in any doubt about the suitability of your test environment. Connecting a Computer to the S Series Radio The standard cable used to connect the computer to the S Series is a serial lap—link—type cable. This cable usually consists of a lead with a DB9 and DB25 female connector at each end. The Rx and TX data signals are cross connected in lap—link—type cables. Two jumperlinks are on the micro—controller circuit board inside the S Series designated JMP10 and JMP11. Their default position is pin 2&3 or "SWAP." This indicates that a lead that swaps Rx and TX data is in use. Other special serial leads can also be used. To allow for more combinations, you can set JMP1O0 and JMP11 to position 1&2 or "NORM," which has the effect of swapping over pins 2 and 3 on the DB9 rear connector. Test Setup Make all connections at the rear of the S Series radio. Connect the transmitter RF output located on the heat sink module to the dummy load/TX test input of the Radio Communications Test Set using a short length of low—loss RG 213 or equivalent coaxial cable. Connect the receiver RF input to the signal generator output of the Radio Communications Test Set using moderate— to low—loss coaxial cable. Connect all VF interfaces and control lines to the appropriate points. Connect the S Series Radio to a suitable 13.8 volt DC power supply while observing the correct polarity. Test Procedure Refer to Calibration Procedure in this manual. 44 ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL S Series Base Station Utility Initial Setup and Description Main Display Tool Bar Description The CHANNEL INFO button is used to view and set up the frequency information in the S Series. The ANALYZE button reads the internal status of the S Series and displays as such. The UPDATE button is used only when SETUP—DYNAMIC is selected. Pressing UPDATE sends the dynamic settings to the S Series for quick initial testing. The values are not saved in the S Series. The UPDATE button is also used to set up the default values used in the channel programming. The other buttons duplicate SAVE, OPEN FILE, SEND DATA TO RADIO, and LOAD DATA FROM RADIO as seen on the Channel Info screen, respectively. Initial Settings To read or send data to the S Series, you must first create or open file. Initial Static Settings Go to Setup Static, and set the appropriate values and conditions for the S Series. Press SEND to send and store the values inside the S Series. Note: Reference, IF frequencies, and injection are not stored in the S Series, so this must reflect the actual physical conditions of the S Series. The standard reference oscillator is 14.4MHz. The standard IF is IOMHz with high—side injection bands A to I and low side J to X. The PLL correction factor value is usually around 120. The fan—on temperature is normally set to 40°C with the over—temperature cutout at 70°C. Channel Programming and Description At the Channel Info screen, click on the channel you want to set up. You can view all the settings and calibration data; however, you will need to enter the password by clicking the ADVANCED button to proceed. This level of protection is provided to advise that changes could allow the transmitter to potentially cause interference to vital radio communications services. See also the Quick Frequency Programming and Full Calibration sections of this manual. ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 45

S SERIES USER MANUAL QUICK FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING If a calibrate has already been performed, go to the Channel Information screen. Click the channel number you want to change or create. Go into advanced mode with the correct password. Enter the frequencies of the channel. Inject an audio signal with sufficient level (~OdBm) to ensure compressor operation, and check that the deviation is 3KHz for 25KHz channel spacing or 1.5KHz for 12.5KHz spacing. Adjust the VCO deviation for the correct level. Most of the other settings will not change. If in doubt, see the Full Calibration section of this manual. FULL CALIBRATION TX MODULATION TX .modulation is the recommended full—calibration procedure with DC—FM installed. You can carry out the alignment in the Setup Dynamic mode for a quicker result. Calibration is performed on the center RF frequency. 1. Set the reference level to 0 and the reference bias to 127. 2. On the S Series micro—controller board, set pre—emphasis, TX HPF, and the TX VF compressor to OFF. Turn the TX compress level RV2 fully clockwise to maximum to allow the hard limiter to operate. 3. Inject a 1KHz audio signal into the TX VF input at a level of +10dBm. Check with an oscilloscope that the audio signal is clipped at the TX limiter test point. 4. Set the VCO level to achieve a 4.8KHz deviation (clipped waveform) for 25KHz channel spacing and 2.3KHz deviation for 12.5KHz channel spacing. If CTCSS is used, subtract further the nominal CTCSS system deviation level. 5. Reduce the level from the audio oscillator to obtain a sinewave modulation, and then vary the modulation frequency around 50—500Hz and adjust the bin accel factor for an approximately flat response. Note: Do not enter too low a value or the lock time and stability will be affected. 6. Return the audio level to +10dBm. 7. Set the modulation frequency to about 300Hz. Observe the demodulated clipped sinewave with drooping positive and negative deviation peaks. Increase the "ref level" to reduce the degree of drooping. Adjust so that a flat top is observed on the demodulation waveform. Check that ifyou vary the modulation frequency across a range of 50Hz— 1KHz, the frequency response is flat. The peak deviation should still be the same as in step 4 above. If not, repeat steps 4 and 6. Note: The modulation flatness will rise around 2KHz if the S Series is fitted with Butterworth— or Chebychev—type filters for the main limiter post LPF as used in the EIA—603 Build because of the group delay distortion of the filters. For a flatter response, ensure the standard Bessel filter is fitted. 8. Set the transmitter carrier center frequency by adjusting the Ref Bias level if necessary. Repeat step 6 because there is some interaction from the reference oscillator due to nonlinearity. Repeat as necessary. 9. Save as defaults. 10. Return the jumpers as before in step 2. Adjust the TX compress level RV2 for the standard system deviation level—usually 3KHz for 25KHz channel spacing and 1.5KHz for 12.5KHz spacing. 11. Set the VF level to the standard input level (—10dBm), and adjust the compress TX VF gain to just compress. 12. Go to the Channel Info screen and click on the channel number to be allocated to the calibration results. Click on Get Defaults, then OK. 46 @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL 13. Go to the next channel and load defaults. Key in the appropriate RF frequencies, and set the VCO level for the same deviation as in step 9. Repeat this step for all the channels required. Note: A small error will result in the calibration of the tef level as in step 6 if the next channel frequency varies greatly from the original cal frequency. Recalibrate the ref level if necessary. Caution: Duc the high degree of adjustment available in the S Series, check the PLL stability by monitoring the PLL ture voltage with a CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) at the onset of PTT for minimal ringing. Description of Program Functions Synthesizer Control The $ Series Base Station has the facility for precise software control of the PLL characteristics, This provides the user with additional fiexibility and capability for specialized or precise settings. The following program functions allow for control of the fractional—N synthesizer and are described as such: PLL Correction Factor: Controls the relative amount of charge current into the PLL charge—pump circuit. The value for the PLL correction factor is loaded into the receiver and exciter synthesizer during normal operation. It is primarily used to control the dynamic PLL settling characteristics. A value of 0 will provide a minimum current and hence a slow and under—damped loop response. A value of 255 will provide the maximum current and hence a fast and over—damped loop response. Bin Accel Main: Same as PLL correction factor except that the value for the bin accel main is only loaded into the exciter synthesizer during the transmitter modulation period. It is primarily used to control the static PLL characteristics. This will allow adjustment for a maximally flat modulation response near the cutoff frequency of the PLL. A value of 0 will provide a minimum current and hence an under—damped response. A value of 255 will provide the maximum current and hence an over—damped response. Modalo: A modulo value of cight sets the synthesizer comparison frequency to eight times that of the channel spacing (synthesizer step size). A value of five is five times, respectively. Channel Spacing: (Also referred to as the synthesizer step) As a rule, the oscillator frequency must be integer divisible by the modulo value and then the step size. The step size is usually set to half that of the channel spacing. Acce! Proportion: Controls the degree of speed up at the onset of PTT. Accel Integral: Controls the multiplication factor of the accel proportion. For further information, refer to the Philips Semiconductor Data Book for the SA7O25DK chip. Modulation Control DC—FM uses two—point modulation, and its parameters can be set by the following: VCO Deviation: The digital pot value sets the modulation level fed to the VCO modulation input. A value of 0 sets the minimum deviation level. A value of 255 sets the maximum deviation level. Reference Bias: The digital pot value sets the center carrier frequency of the transmitter frequency. A value of 0 sets the highest carrier frequency. A value of 255 sets the lowest carrier frequency. A value ©RELM Communications inc. Revision 1.0 47

S SERIES USER MANUAL around 128 is normally used. If the value is too high or too low, unsymmetrical modulation distortion could result due to the limited range of the master reference oscillator. Reference Level: The digital pot value sets the modulation level fed to the master reference oscillator. A value of 0 sets the minimum deviation level. A value of 255 sets the maximum deviation level. It primarily is used to set the modulation balance at low frequencies. Transmit RF Power Output Transmit Power: The digital pot value sets the RF drive level to the power amplifier. A value of 0 sets the transmitter power to minimum. A value of 255 sets the transmitter power to maximum. CTCSS Control TX Subtone: Directly enters the frequency of the transmitter modulation encoder. Rx Subtone: Directly enters the frequency for the receiver decoder to operate. TX Subtone Level: Controls the level of the transmitter modulation encoder. Steps are 0.85dB. Channel Selection Three methods are available for channel selection: 1. Software Channel Select via Utility Program: Ensure that channel 0 is selected on the DIP switch DIP1 located on the micro—controller board (all eight switches in the OFF position). Enter the channel number in the software select channel window on the Channel Info screen, and press SELECT. 2. Software Channel Select via Serial Command: Ensure that channel 0 is selected on the DIP switch DIP1 located on the micro—controller board (all eight switches in the OFF position), Send the string "chansXXX" where XXX = a three—digit number for the channel number. For example, to select channel 5, send the string "chans005." Baud rate is 9600 BPS. 3. Hardware Channel Select: Select the fixed channel for the S Series by using the DIP switch DIP1 located on the micro—controller board. Channel 1—255 is available in binary selection. Switch position 1 is channel 1, position 2 is channel 2, position 3 is channel 4, position 4 is channel 8, position 5 is channel 16, position 6 is channel 32, position 7 is channel 64, and position 8 is channel 128. For further details of all possible channels, see Appendix C. Troubleshooting The most common causes of problems are listed below: Incorrect parameters set in the S Series utility program such as 1. wrong reference frequency oscillator value, PLL correction factor or bin accel value too low, wo@& swop accel values extreme, channel spacing value not correct, or frequency value not a multiple of the channel spacing / step size. Other problems may include fumpers or DIP switches in wrong positions. 48 @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

5 SERIES USER MANUAL Glossary 3RD OIP Third Order Intercept Point AUX Auxiliary BPF Band Pass Filter BW Bandwidth CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon CRO Cathode Ray Oscilloscope CTCSS Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System DC Direct Current DIP Dual Inline Package EMI Electro Magnetic Interference FSK Frequency Shift Keying HPF High Pass Filter IC Integrated Circuit IF Intermediate Frequency 1O Input / Output JMP Jumper LC tank circuit Resonant circuit consisting of an Inductor and Capacitor network LED Light Emitting Diode LPF Low Pass Filter MMIC Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit Mobitex Radio messaging system MTBF Mcan Time Between Failure NF Noise Figure PA Power Amplifier Pad Circuit board land PCB Printed Circuit Board PLL Phase Locked Loop PPM (ppm) Parts Per Million PTT Push To Talk POCSAG Post Office Code Standardization Advisory Group RAM Random Access Memory RF Radio Frequency RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator RU Rack Unit Rx Receiver Simplex Single operation of either Transmitter or Receiver S/N Signal to Noise Ratio Squelch Muted audio signal SW Switch TEMP Temperature TRM Turn Around Mixer TX Transmitter UHF Ultra High Frequency vco Voltage Controlled Oscillator VC—TXCO Voltage Controlled Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator VF Voice Frequency VHF Very High Frequency VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 49

S SERIES USER MANUAL Appendix A Specifications Minimum Performance Specification Minimum performance to exceed the following for 66MHz—260MHz: ETS 300 086 Jan 1991 FCC Part 90 TIA/EIA—603 BAPT 225 ZV 1/2098 (German Softkeying) CEPT T/R 24—01 E Sept 1988 EC Marking, EC EMC Directive 89/336/EEC ETS 300 113 MIL—STD—810E RFS32 TIA/EIA—603 General Specifications 8 Series Rack Size: 19—in 2RU Case, 13—in (360mm) deep inc fan S Series Overall Physical Size 3.5—in (89mm) high, 13—in (360mm) deep, 19—in (483mm) wide Weight 19.8—lbs (Okg) Supply Voltage: 13.8V +/— 20% Power Consumption: <600 mA receive, typical 440 mA <11A for 50W TX RF Operating Temperature: —10 to +60 C. —30 to +60 C option Individual Module Dimensions: Rx & TX W=100, L=180, H = 30mm PA W=78, L=300, H = 60mm Standard LED indicators: Power, Rx, TX, CTCSS, Aux, Alarm Frequency Range: Coverage 66—960 MHz Synthesis Method: Non mixing PL Fractional N synthesizer Modulation: Direct FM, +/~5 KHz +/~2.5 KHz narrow band Channel Spacing: 30 KHz, 25 KHz, or 12.5 KHz Synthcsizer Step Size: 30, 25, 12.5, 7.5, or 6.25KHz Channels: 256 Software or switch selectable 1—99 BCD parallel selection Frequency Range: Coverage 66—960 MHz 50 ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL Other frequencies or band allocations available. Contact Spectra Engineering for details. Band A 66—80 MHz Band B 74—88 MHz Band C 135—160 MHz Band D 155—180 MHz Band E 175—200 MHz Band F 195—225 MHz Band G 220—250 MHz Band H 245—275 MHz Band 1 270—300 MHz Band J 295—325 MHz Band K 320—350 MHz Band L 345—375 MHz Band M 370—400 MHz Band N 395—430 MHz Band O 425—460 MHz Band P 455—490 MHz Band Q 485—520 MHz Band R 805—825 MHz Band S $24—849 MHz Band T 850—870 MHz Band U $72—905 MHz Band V 890—915 MHz Band W 917—950 MHz Band X 925—960 MHz Transmitter Module Specifications RF Power Output: SW to 5OW (66—520 MHz) 5SW to 35W, 50W optional for 13.8V/28V rail(800—960 MHz) 100W on special request Frequency Stability: 2.5PPM, 1.5PPM or 1.OPPM Audio Response: Flat within +/— 0.50B across BW Bessel LPF for data or Chebychev LPF Audio Bandwidth: DC(J—X Band) to 3400Hz base band (—0.5dB) 300Hz to 3000Hz for EIA—603 300Hz to 3400Hz nominal. Modulation Distortion: Less than 2% C—weighted. S/N Ratio: Better than 50dB, wide band. Better than 44dB, narrow Band. Spurious: Better than —90dBc. RF Switching Bandwidth: Same as band allocation. RF Switching Bandwidth PA 10MHz nominal, full band useable. Duty Cycle: 100% for 5OW RF output with Thermal controlied fan. RF Rise Time: 4mS with continuous VCO selected (Controlled RF envelope). ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 51

$ SERIES USER MANUAL Receiver Module Specifications Sensitivity: Better than —117dBm for 124B (25 KHz spacing ), C—weighted, De— emphasis. Typical —120dBm Selectivity 66—520MHz (Option): More than 80 dB for 25 KHz adj channel, more than 70 dB for 12.5 KHz adj channel, for switching BW 10MHz minimum Selectivity 66—520MHz: More than 75 dB for 25 KHz adj channel, more than 65 dB for 12.5 KHz adj channel, for switching BW same as band allocation Selectivity 805—960MHz: More than 70 dB for 25 KHz adj channel more than 65 dB for 12.5 KHz adj channel for switching BW same as band allocation Spurious Resp: Better than 90dB Intermodulation: Better than 80dB Blocking: Better than 100dB at +/—IMHz point Distortion: Less than 2% S/N Ratio: Better than 50dB C—weighted, wide band. Better than 440B C— weighted, narrow band RF Switching Bandwidth: 10MHz minimum or equal to band allocation Receiver Front End BW: Equal to band allocation, no retuning Audio Bandwidth: DC to 3400Hz (—0.5dB) Squelch Opening Time: 20mS Squeich Closing Time: 100mS Conducted Spurious: Less than —570Bm, typ —90dBm Ancillaries TX Timer: 2 minutes, on/off selectable VF Level to Line: +6 to —15dBm, 600 ohms unbalanced or differential VF Level from Line: +6 to —15dBm, 600 ohms unbalanced Pre—Emphasis Accuracy: Within +/—0.5dB of 64B per octave curve De—Emphasis Accuracy: Within +/—0.5dB of 64B per octave curve VF Compressor Range: >30dB for line input, Control Outputs: 1K ohm 5V source/sink available Alarm Output: Open collector PTT Input: Logic or opto—isolated +/~5 to 48V Channel Select: 8—way dip switch or RS232 or BCD Repeater Tail Timer: 2 seconds nominal @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 52

S SERIES USER MANUAL Appendix B Interface Connections S Series Rear Chassis Connector Description Universal DB15 Analog VO Pin Number And Description: Universal Analog /O DB15 Female Rear Connector Universal Analog O DB15 Male Rear Connector ’7 F Internal Circuit Board Header SKH Connector ARTH { Use this earth for general connection and PTT return. For analog earth and audio common, usetheAnalogEarthpiM. ___________._...._..._._.....200002> CEIVER AUDIO 6000 | Normal receiver audio output from op—amp. Nominal line level is set to ~10dBm. Commonreturntoanalogearthordifferentialaudiooutputpin.___________.__._. CEIVER AUDIO 50 RX MUTE / SQUELCH MONITOR The mute status can be monitored by reading this voltage. S—volt logic high = ignal received or the mute is open. Output impedance = 100KC . Connect to highinput impedance (>1M9). C ALARM OUTPUT The open collector output sinks current to earth when an alarm condition occurs. ame function as front panel alarm LED. An alarm is generated if the power amplifier is over temperature or if the supply voltage exceeds the defined limits. etrippointsareselectableviatheutilityprogram.______._..._..__..___.\_.._ TX DC—FM INPUT Wide band audio or data can be connected to this point. To conform to transmitter bandwidth emissions limits, this input is hard limited to the nominal deviation and Bessel filtered —34B @ 3400Hz for minimum group delay. Input impedance s 100KC. If this input is not used, jumper # JIMP14 on the micro—controller board hould be removed to avoid any pickup of stray signals, or alternatively do not connect any wires to this pin. Also avoid the use of ribbon cables longer than 30— cMbecausethiscanalsoresultinexcesscouplingorcrosstalk,_ TX REFLECTED POWER | The voltage from the reflected power directional coupler in the power amplifier i goes directly to this pin. In a correctly terminated load, the voltage should be less than 200mV. Depending on the degree of mismatch at the load, the voltage will | rise to approx 3—4 volts for 50 Watts forward power. The internal reflected power i control circuit also monitors this point so that when the reflected power voltage i exceeds half that of the forward power voltage, the forward power is then reduced 0 about 25% of full power. Full forward power is returned when the reflected power dropsbelowthe trippoint mentioned. TheoutputimpedanceisaboutSKC. ......................ThestandardPTTinputisnormallyactivelowandcanbedrivenfromstandard ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 53

S SERIES USER MANUAL logic outputs or open collector. JMP3 should be in and JMP8 in position 1—2. To ; change polarity or voltage input also see OPTO PTT IN. Removing JMP3 will nputthePTTviathe opto coupler. __________.__.___..._..._..l..l.l22> RX DISCRIMINATOR | The receiver discriminator audio output is buffered, unfiltered, and DC—coupled to . thispoint. Outputimpedance islow. TX OPTO PTT IN } This input is used only if a floating or opto input PTT is required. JIMP9 MUST ; be removed. Positive or negative keying voltage can be applied to the input due to : full wave rectifier and opto circuit. For a fully floating differential input voltage | (+/—5 to +/—48 VDC), set jumper JMPS in position 1—2. Putting JMPS in position —3will connectthis point to earth. TX FORWARD POWER The voltage from the forward power directional coupler in the power amplifier oes directly to this pin. In a correctly terminated load, the voltage should be ibout 3—4 Volts for 50 Watts. The output impedance is about SKCQ. The internal orwardpowercontrolcircuit alsomonitorsthispoint. |____________.___.__.._.__.._. RX RSSI OUTPUT | The receiver‘s received signal strength indicator voltage is proportional to the log | of the signal level at the antenna input. Voltage range is 0—5 volts. Output | impedance is low. Dynamicrange > 60dB. ; WIDE BAND TX MODULATION INPUT | Wide band audio or data may be connected to this point. WARNING: To | conform to transmitter bandwidth emissions limits, the signal MUST be pre— : filtered. Failure to do this WILL result in noncompliance of the TX emission . This input is not normally used except in special cases. 54 @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL DB25 Digital 1/0O Connector Each CMOS logic input is protected by a 10K Ohm series resistor to the input of the logic chip. There is also a 10K Ohm pull down resistor at each input so as to default the input value to zero. Each logic output is protected by a 1K Ohm series resistor from the output of the logic chip. Pin Number and Description: Digital /O DB25 Female Rear Connector (standard connection) Digital /O DB25 Male Rear Connector l‘ l» Internal Circuit Board Header SKF Connector ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 55

S SERIES USER MANUAL PC Serial Port—to—Radio Cable Signal Name DB9 PIN# TD Transmitted Data 2 RD Received Data 3 SG Signal Ground 5 For additional information, see the Testing section of this manual. 56 @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL Appendix C DIP Switch Settings DIP Switch 1 Channel Selection Three methods are available for channel selection (see the S Series Base Station Utility section of this manual): Software Channel Select via Utility Program: Ensure that channel 0 is selected on the DIP switch DIP1 located on the micro—controller board (all eight switches in the OFF position). Enter the channel number in the Software Select Channel window on the Channel Info screen and press Select. Software Channel Select via Serial Command: Ensure that channel 0 is selected on the DIP switch DIP1 located on the micro—controller board (all eight switches in the OFF position). Send the string "chansXXX" where XXX = a three—digit number for the channel number. For example, to select channel 5, send the string "chans005." Baud rate is 9600 BPS. Hardware Channel Select: Seiect the fixed channel for the S Series by using the DIP switch DIPI located on the micro—controller board. Channel 1—255 is available in binary selection. Switch position 1 is channel 1, position 2 is channel 2, position 3 is channel 4, position 4 is channel 8, position 5 is channel 16, position 6 is channel 32, position 7 is channel 64, and position 8 is channel 128. A table of DIP switch 1 settings follows, where a switch ON is indicated by an "x" in a cell and no entry in a cell represents a switch OFF. x X

S SERIES USER MANUAL 58 ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL 19000 x0 1 x 01 x 10 x) P dee K2 x X... x x @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 59

S SERIES USER MANUAL 60 @RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 61

S SERIES USER MANUAL 62 ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0

S SERIES USER MANUAL DIP Switch 2 User Function Select Switch N}lmber | Switch 1 PTT Delay Inserts a 100mS delay for the transmitter RF rise time. Must be selected when using a coaxial simplex changeover relay to prevent | switching RF power. | Switch 2 Simplex On Selects simplex mode of operation. i Switch 3 TX Timer On Transmitter is disabled after 2 minutes continuous use. | Switch4 Repeater On Selects automatic receiver—to—transmitter repeater function. The transmitter will also have a 2—second "hang time." | Switch 5 TX VCO Cont Enables the transmitter VCO to operate continuously in "hot standby" mode. This speeds up the transmitter rise time to 4m$. Caution: Low—level signal leakage can affect the performance of the receiverif the transmitter is on the same frequency. | Switch 6 TX FSK Generates an FSK testsignal.Notnormallyused. ... ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 63

S SERIES USER MANUAL Appendix D Model # Configuration Guide Rev 1.3 13 October 1997. Consult Spectra for availability details on specific configurations and options. TX POWER CHANNEL ALLOC FREQ STABILITY M 35 Watts N 12.5 KHz 1 1.0PPM (—30 to 60°C) H 50 Watts W 25 KHz 2 1.5PPM (—10 to 60°C) v 100 Watts 3 2.5PPM (—30 to 60°C) o ; i p ; S Series Insert Z for 7 Nil item TX FREQ| RX FREQ Band RF CONFIGURATION A 66—80 MHz D Duplex B 70—88 MHz S Simplex C 135160 MHz C200 138—149 MHz D 155180 MHz D2 159—166 MHz FRONT PANEL D3 148—174 MHz $ Standard E 175—200 MHz C Custom F 195—225 MHz G 220—250 MHz H 245—275 MHz I 270—300 MHz OPTION I2 276—284 MHz K 320—350 MHz J 295—325 MHz $ Special Version L 345—375 MHz C CTCSS Enc & Dec M 370—400 MHz D Digital Modulator N 395—430 MHz 4 4 Level FSK Modems N2 400—435 MHz F FEFSK Modems 0 425—460 MHz T Self Test Local Loopback P 455—490 MHz P2 450—485 MHz Q 485—520 MHz Notes: Q2 500—532 MHz R 805—825 MHz 1. Band C2, D2, and 12 for digital TX only S $24—849 MHz 2. Band Q2 receive only T 850—870 MHz 3. 100 Watts on special application only U 872—905 MHz V 890—915 MHz W 917—950 MHz X 925—960 MHz 64 ©RELM Communications inc. Revision 1.0


Document Created: 2001-07-12 07:00:41
Document Modified: 2001-07-12 07:00:41
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