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Users Manual

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_EWLRINULIN]CO) OPERATOR‘S MANUAL MARINE RADAR MODEL MODEL 1622 ©FURUNO ELECTRIC CO,., LTD, *Your Local Agent/Dealer 9—52, Ashihara—cho Nishinomiya, Japan 662 Telephone: 0798—§5—2111 Telefax: 0798—65—4200 FIRST EDITION : [ All rights reserved. | Printed in Japan PUB, No. OME—34520 MODEL 1622 fl' FURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD. NISHINOMIYA, JAPAN

SAFETY INFORMATION A., WARNING i(LPI[ ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD Use the proper fuse. Do not open the equipment. Fuse rating is shown on the equipment. Only qualified personnel Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment should work inside the damage. equipment. Keep heater away from equipment. Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the Heat can alter equipment shape and melt antenna unit. Post a warn— the power cord, which can cause fire or ing sign near the switch electrical shock. indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna Keep heater away from equipment. unit is being serviced. Heat can alter equipment shape and meit Prevent the potential risk of the power cord, which can cause fire or being struck by the rotating electrical shock. antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard. Wear a safety belt and hard hat when working on the antenna unit. Serious injury or death can result if someone falls from the radar antenna mast. Do not disassemble or modify the equipment. Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can result. Turn off the power immediately if water leaks into the equipment or the equip— ment is emitting smoke or fire. Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock.

— TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A Word to FURUNO Model 1622 i Automatic control of sensitivity and STC for INTRODUCTION i simplified operation. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION . iv Owners m Targets can be displayed in black on white PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION .....21.00000ccerseesversreseervensessrstrrscrsssessscesensssescscsse ¥ background orvice versa, for optimal viewing FURUNO Electric Company thanks you for under any lighting. purchasing the MODEL 1622 Marine Radar. We are confident you will discover why the m On—screen alphanumeric readout of all 1. OPERATION ressassarsecsaasecs« 1 FURUNO name has become synonymous with operational information. 1.1 CONtrOL DESCTIDHIONM............c20eeeemeeereeverrereereerseverererrecerrnrereererererrererreneereererverenerenarererennnnnne 1 quality and reliability. im Standard features include Display Shift, EBL, 1.2 Indications and Markers . Echo Stretch, Echo Trail, Guard Alarm, to io o & o i N & & in in in B m uo to to to h For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company 1.3 Turning the Radar Ov/Off .. has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality Interference Rejector, VRM, Zoom. 1.4 TrANSMIItIAG, SEANU—DY ... ... ...... 00 leeeccesen en eeeveene en es eeveerenaserreerenserreerrecrannneneerrveveesvenennneveren n and reliability throughout the world. This m Guard zone watches for targets entering (or 1.5 LCD TONQ@ @MG BFilli@NG@...............20eeeeen sn eenee e e e en nerrvereenerrrerennnenerernesrerennrenvereseern en rernenrere dedication to excellence is furthered by our exiting) a guard zone. 1.6 Selecting the Range... extensive global network of agents and dealers. 1.7 Receiver Sensitivity .... m Operates on 12V or 24V DC power supply 1.8 Suppressing Sea Clutter ......... aeverreverrrereervtrrnererrvessreeereevecserveeeeseeverenceerereneesrevennnecee Your radaris designed and constructed to meet and consumes only 30 watts. 1.9 SUppreSSIAQ RAIN CIUBF L.......... lllceeeeeneereerveeeeeeerrerereneevrerererenssernersneeverreeveernereveerereneseces the rigorous demands of the marine m Position in latitude and longitude, speed, and .10 Range Rings ............ environment. However, no machine can perform range and bearing to a waypoint can be ok on ok uk ob ob oa ob oa ce 11 Cursor ............. its intended function unless property installed shown in the bottom text area with navigation 12 Heading Marker.. and maintained. Please carefully read and data input in NMEA 0183 format. follow the installation, operation and 13 Menu Operation ....... maintenance procedures set forth in this m Navigation data such as position, water .14 Control Panel Brilliance manual. temperature and depth can be shown during .15 Measuring the Range...... stand—by (requires optional sensors). .16 Measuring the Bearing . We would appreciate feedback from you, the . . .17 Shifting the Display ... end—user, about whether we are achieving our m LCD equipped with temperature sensor 18 ZOOM................. purposes. which maintains viewabifity under .19 Target Trails ....... temperature change. 1.20 Guard Alarm Zone.... Thank you for considering and purchasing 1.21 Interference Rejector. FURUNO. 1.22 Echo Stretch ......... 1.23 Watchman....... 1.24 Navigation D@t@..................l.c.cuccclkee. .12 Features enen 1.25 Displaying Navigation Data During Stand—by .. 12 Pn o 1.26 EChO COIOF ... .......sccocviemeveeeeeee mm meerrenees 12 Your radar has a large variety of functions, all 1.27 SQ@I@CtiNg RANG@S 10 US@ ...........c.ccsls snn eeveneerevevenneaveveenenenvereenenearerervesevenneneavanevenevevnnenne. 13 contained in a rugged plastic case. All controls respond immediately to the operator‘s command and each time a key is pressed the 2. RADAR OBSERVATION........................ 15 corresponding change can be seen on the screen. 2.1 G@M@TAl .,..... .ccsc vevecveeenmeeevre en nnarerrreeerenvenvererennnsveverennenrarvenen en rrrreeeenennnnenevereeneeerenenvevene 15 2.2 FAIS@ ECNOBS ............cccce e en The main features of the MODEL 1622 are 2.3 SART (Search and RescueTransponder) . Daylight viewing radar specially designed for 2.4 Racon (Radar Beacon)......................... small craft and sailing yachts. Traditional FURUNO reliability and quality in 3. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING ..................... seccscssecancsessecsseres 21 a compact, lightweight and low—cost radar. 3.1 MAINI@NANC@ ...............ccclleseec e aarevereeeeervntrarrrnenrnereennn nb rrvernerarrersreveen en se serneeveeennervevennen 21 Compact and light—weight radome antenna 3.2 Replacing the Fuse . 21 with precision 34 cm center—fed radiator. 3.3 TFOUDI@SNOOING ................llccccs cesc enearrneerve en evererrrsaseeveerrerreerer en en ns ernenrenerennenvnnevennevevene 22 Stepping scanner motor. High definition 6—inch LCD display. INDEX

a SYSTEM CONFIGURATION PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION What is Radar? Therefore, if one knows the direction in which the signal is sent out, one knows the direction from which the echo must retumn. The term RADAR is an acronym meaning RAdio Detection and Ranging. It is a device which ANTENNA UNIT RSB—0060 measures the time it takes for a pulsed signal to Radar Wave Speed and be reflected back from an object. Antenna Rotation Speed SIGNAL CABLE (Select one.) How Ships Determined The speed of the radar waves out to the target 0359144 (5 m) Position Before Radar and back again as echoes is extremely fast 0389145 (10 m compared to the speed of rotation of the 03S9146 (15 m) antenna. By the time radar echoes have 03S914—2 (20 m) The use of echoes to determine position did not returned to the antenna, the amount of antenna begin with radar. Ships would sound a short rotation after initial transmission of the radar blast on their whistles, fire a shot, or strike a bell pulse is extremely small. as an aid to navigation when running in fog near a rugged shoreline. The time between the origination of the sound and the returning of the The Radar Display NMEA 0183 Cable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ echo indicated how far the ship was from the MJ—A6SPEOO12—050 (5 m) : i cliffs or the shore. The direction from which the MJ—A6SPFO012—100 (10 m) ; NAVIGATOR . Targets are displayed on whatis called a Plane ————————— @——~———~—~1 (NMEA 0183) : echo was heard indicated the relative bearing of Position Indicator (PP!). This display is the shore. t 1 :. _________ a essentially a polar diagram, with the transmitting DISPLAY i m ttotttnI ship‘s position at the center. Images of target WNIT TTTTttCCC | SOUNDER How Radar Determines Range echoes are received and displayed at their RDPAM2§ T TtTtTtT * relative bearings, and at their distance from the PPI center. Radar determines the range to the target by calculating the time difference between the With a continuous display of the images of transmission of a radar signal and the reception targets, the motion of targets is also displayed. of the reflected echo. It is a known fact that q ___ ((m) __ 0 tmscc tti extemnal G radar waves travel at a nearly constant speed of See the figure on the next page for a 10— BUZZER | 162,000 nautical miles per second. Therefore comparison of actual situation and radar picture. i oposise . the time required for a transmitted signal to ____________ t travel to the target and return as an echo to the source is a measure of the range to the target. Note that the echo makes a complete round trip, POWER CABLE but only half the time of travel is needed to 0359148 Options shown with determine the one—way range to the target. This dashed lines. radar automatically takes this into account in making the range calculation. SHIP‘S MAINS 12724 VDC How Radar Determines Bearing The bearing to a target found by the radar is determined by the direction in which the radar antenna is pointing when it emits an electronic pulse and then receives a returning echo. Each time the antenna rotates pulses are transmitted in the full 360 degree circle, each pulse at a slightly different bearing from the previous one.

1.0PERATION Range and bear_ing to a target,relative to own ship, are 1.1 Control Description readable on the | screen. Note: The radar screen does not TrackDisk, —f»| . . discriminate "bow" Shifts cursor, EBL, l-:\ctlvate%/dlsab!es or "stern." VRM; sel i the guard zone. °c Uotmenue on menus. Press with [MENU] Own ship to hide heading at center Opens/closes —@ @ marker. {radar) the menu. (B) Radar picture of (A) HM OFF — Turns VRM onvoff. (A) Bird‘s eye view Turns EBL — @ Press with [EBL] to of situation turn range rings on/off. Al No on/off. Decreases — ’@ @4— Increases the the range. fance range. Adjusts receiver — @ @4— Suppresses sea sensitivity. clutter. Suppresses — ’@ @<- Shifts the display. rain clutter. Echo trails — — Zoom feature on/off. on/off. Adjusts LCD tone — @4— Toggles between and brilliance. TRANSMIT and STAND—BY. — Turns power on/off. [ Figure 1—1 Controls

1.3 Turning the Radar On/Off 1.5 LCD Tone and Brilliance d Markers 1.2 Indications an The [POWER] key turns the radar on/off. When 1. Press the [TONE] key. The dialogue shown Target trails setting turning on the power, the control panel lights and in Figure 1—3 appears. ) «— Guard alarm (IN or OUT the timer displays the time remaining for warm ng t 6 FTCG|<— Rain clutter suppressor TONE: 12 celi Rangevalring / / , ES Echo stretch _ up of the magnetron (device which transmits inter /'R * interference rejector radar pulses), counting down from 1:00 to 0:00. LOW < > HIGH Zoom [eTe]a[e]®[®]LC (flashing) Watchman c A Quick Start BRILL: 3 EB Provided that the radar was once in use with Guard the transmitter tube (magnetron) still warm, LOw w & HIGH zone you can turn on the radar into TRANSMIT (ee@0000OOO status without the one—minute stand—by. Cursor If the power switch has been turned off by Range rings mistake and you want to restart the radar Figure 1—3 Dialogue for adjustment of LCD promptly do the following: tone and brilliance VRM 2. Press 4 /»> or the [TONE] key to adjust 1. Press the [POWER] key not later than five tone; A / Y to adjust brilliance. seconds after power—off. 2. Press the [TX] key. The radaris restored The dialogue for adjustment of tone and for full operation. brilliance is automatically erased when there is no TrackDisk operation for about 10 seconds. To erase it more quickly, press the [TONE] key after making the adjustment. 1.4 Transmitting, Stand—by After the poweris tumed on and the magnetron 1.6 Selecting the Range Range and bearing has warmed up, ST—BY (Stand—By) appears at 45.0° to cursor the screen center, indicating the radar is ready to The range selected automatically determines the EBL bearing —» |est transmit radar pulses. range ring interval, the number of range rings VRM range —» l|yry 1.25 nm and pulse repetition rate. Press the [TX] key to transmit. Echoes appear in four levels of digitized video according to echo Press the [+] or [—] key to select a range. The and markers strength. Note that when a target is beneath a range and range ring interval appear at the top Figure 1—2 Indications marker (VRM, EBL, heading marker, range ring) left corner on the screen. the part of the marker where the target lies is displayed in reverse video. Range ——+6.0 nm,| , ; 20, .1‘ 51 Range ring —1"*‘ When you won‘t be using the radar for an interval extended period, but you want to keep it in a state of readiness, press the [TX] key to set the radar in stand—by. Figure 1—4 Location of range and range ring interval indications ononnnmmen ..

N ......en 1.7 Receiver Sensitivity 1.8 Suppressing Sea Clutter Automatic sea clu tter control The [GAIN] key adjusts the sensitivity of the in rough weather, returns from the sea surface 1. Press the [STC] key t i receiver. It works in precisely the same manner are received over several miles around own ship shown in Figure) 1-ay_ 0 show the dialogue as the volume control of a broadcast receiver, and mask nearby targets. This situation can be amplifying the signals received. improved by properly using the [STC] key. You can adjust the sensitivity manually, or let the If the setting is too low, targets will be hidden in unit do it automatically. in either case, the proper the clutter, while if it is set too high, both sea setting is such that the background noise is just clutter and targets will disappear from the display. visible on the screen. Adjust the sensitivity on the in most cases adjust the key untit clutter has Figure 1—8 Diatogue for automatici highest range since the background noise is disappeared to leeward, but a little is still visible adiust clearer on that range. windward. of STC Vustment Figure 1—10 Appear ance of 2. Press +/ > to set l . rain clutter evel : . If you set up for too little sensitivity, weak echoes A common mistake is too over—adjust the [STC] Normal; 3, High. desired: 1, Low; 2, may be missed. On the other hand excessive key so that the surface clutter is completely sensitivity yields too much background noise; removed. By setting up for maximum STC effect, Manual adjustme 1.10 Range Rings strong targets may be missed because of the you will see how dangerous this can be; a dark control nt of sea clutter poor contrast between desired echoes and the zone will be created near the center of the background noise on the display. screen, causing a loss of close—in targets. This dark zone is even more dangerous if the 1. Press the [STC] key to di : sensitivity has not been properly adjusted. shown in Figurel 1-& 0 cisplay the dialogue Automatic adjustment of sensitivity determines the num Always leave a little surface clutter visible on the ber of rings ang thei r MAN STC MOD screen. yed a at the upper—ieft comer on theinterva) is displayed screen. If no clutter is observed (on very calm 1. Press the [GAIN] key to display the screen waters), turn off the circuit, > Low < > Hig shown in Figure 1—5. To turn the range AUTO GAIN MOD @EEaSaRNTU 3, ri rings and [VRM] keysgetogethe on or off, press the [EBL] r. LOW 4 > HIGH Figure 1—9 Dialogue g:r manual adjustment of myommmrmr~ o 8 > TC 1.11 Cursor 2. Press €/»> to setj i are available. evel desired. 60 levels Figure 1—5 Dialogue for automatic & adjustment of gain Note: Theh dialo gues for adjujust 2. Press «/ » to set level desired: 1, Low; 2, /r < \ :;;c:;;t:‘c’a;lyfora stini g STC Lb c cctas sed when theregis no Normal; 3, High. Tar;eckDisk T seconds. To erase Figure 1—7 Appearance of sea clutter press the [STC] key them qui after completing the g:;gr‘:gr Manual adjustment of sensitivity 1. Transmit the radar on long range. 1.9 Suppressing Rain MAN GAIN MOD Clutter LOW <€ P HIGH :Jr::ddverse wea@he [e[efm]el®/®l|C] 32 r, clouds, rain or targel:%eetsgcrt?g:lke snow spu?ous echoes whi ch impair Figure 1—6 Dialogue for manual ove r a long distance. The figfz&ar}g% Ssuppr se adjustment of gain essed by tuming on the . appears at the top on the screen whe right 2. Press the [GAIN] key to display the screen n the FTC circv.‘l)it isgILclm(.:on"er shown in Figure 1—6. Range and 3. Press «/ > to set level desired. 60 tevels bearing to are available. cursor Note: The dialogues for adjusting sensitivity are Figure 1—11 Ho ~ w to measure ran automatically erased when there is no TrackDisk bearing with the cur ge a operation for 10 seconds. To erase them quicker, sor 9e and press the [GAIN] key after completing the setting.

1.12 Heading Marker zero degrees Menu Item Description solid line whi ich appears at cates the ship‘s heading and it is the The heading marker indi 1 ECHO STRETCH Stretches echoes in the range direction on the bearing scale. ship, press the istiting dead al head of own to look at targets exis C 2 INT. REJECT Suppresses radar interference i marker again. To temporarily er marl. g;lgage the keys to disp lay the yet ] key ARDlre oostther s toge [MENU] and [GUArrl 3 NAV DATA Turns navigation data on/off. 4 VIDEO Selects echo and background color. 1.13 Menu Operation 5 WATCHMAN Selects transmitting interval. adjustment in e veryday do not require frequent functions which norm ally 6 DIMMER Adjust control panel illumination. The menu contains ten as below. ation is operation. Basic menu oper 7 DSPL ON STBY Turns navigation data display in standby on/off. Basic menu operation B TRAIL TIME Select trail time (target echo piotting interval). to display the menu. 1. Press the [MENU] key 9 TRAIL BRILL Selects echo trail briltiance. ME NU PRESS a /w TO SELECT 10 RANGE Selects range to use. ITEM, «/> TO CHANGE SETTING. 1.14 Control Panel Brilliance Measuring range by VRM 1. Press the [MENU] key. 1. Press the [VRM] key to turn on the VRM. feTqq 5M 10M 20M Gaes| 2. Select DIMMER. 2. Within 10 seconds after turning on the VRM; that is, while "VRM" is highlighted, 3. Select level desired; 3 is the highest level of press A/Y to place the VRM on the inside es to illumination. edge of the target. Press ¥W/m at page boundari switch between menus. 4. Press the [MENU] key. 3. Check the VRM readout at the bottom left ME NU comer on the screen. pRESS a/w TO SELECT |TEM, «/» TO CHANGE SETTING. 1.15 Measuring the Range Note: The VRM is "frozen" on the display when 7 |pSPLONSTBY |NAV the [VRM] key is pressed a second time, or 10 8 |TRAIL TIME CONT 305 seconds elapses without pressing A/Y . When 3M Sm The bearing to a target can be measured by the E Low lallcial range rings, by the cursor and by the VRM the VRM is fixed on the screen "VRM" is not 9 |TRAIL BAILL 10 RANGE (NM) vs 14 12 34 1 15 (Variable Range Marker). highlighted. 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 Measuring range by the range rings Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target. Check the range ring Default settings in highlight. interval and judge the distance of the echo from Figure 1—12 Menus the inner edge of the nearest ring. s item. 7 2. Press a/Y to select / ioi y3 s 4/ » to sele ct option. 045.0° 4. Pres the menu. register option and close 4. Press the [MENU] key to VRM Cursor range range Figure 1—13 How to measure range by the cursor and VRM

y—— y 1.19 Target Trails 1.20 Guard Alarm Zone ring 1.17 Shifting the Displa 1.16 Measuring the Bea be shifted backward Target trails are simulated afterglow of target The guard alarm allows the operator to set the Your vessel‘s position can be measured by ease the 1‘orv_o/ardf echoes that represent their movements relative desired range and bearing for a guard zone. The bearing to a target can by 1/3 of the range to incr . range or size O to own ship. When ships, islands, landmasses, etc. violate using the cursor or the EBL range without changing the the guard zone an audible alarm sounds to call targets. 0. p M TRaAil Trail time (3 min), the operator‘s attention. The alarm will sound on the EBL * +. echo trail ON (TRAIL) Measuring bearing by Press the [SHIFT] key to turn the shifted display targets entering or exiting the zone depending on zone status after setting the alarm. to tum on the EBL. on/off. 1. Press the [EBL] key r turning on the EBL; 2. Within 10 seconds afte lig ~ that i s is,, w whil h il e e "EB L" "EBL" i iss highlighted,: high A CAUTION s A/Y to bise ct the target with EBL. pres o * The alarm should not be relied upon as the out at the bottom left sole means for detecting possible collision 3. Check the EBL read Uhanaud e x) situations. corner on the screen. Figure 1—17 Target trails on the screen when Note: The EBL is "frozen" ue time, . or 10n * STC, FTC and GAIN controls should be i pres the [EBL] key is sed a second ing A/Y thau c t xd properly adjusted to be sure the alarm . press!pg 1 Starting target trail seconds elapses without system does not overlook target echoes. screen EBL" is not Shifted display the EBL is fixed on the Normal display Press the [TRAIL] key to start the echo trail highlighted. ting the display function. "TRAIL" and the target trail time Figu re 1—15 Shif selected appear at the top right corner on the How guard zone type is determined screen. Then, afterglow starts extending from all targets. After the guard zone is set, the radar starts 1.18 Zoom searching for targets inside the guard zone for to double the size Canceling target trail about 8 to 12 seconds. Whenit finishes The zoom feature allows yOU searching it displays the results of the search as el and any loser of the area between your vess to take a clos Press the [TRAIL] key to erase target trails and G (IN) or G (OUT), at the top right comer on the e location within the current rang target trail indications. screen. took at an area of interest. Cursor G (IN): When no target exists in the zone, "G cursor. * AC ieyu] 3.95 nwil bearing 1. Select location with the Trail time (IN)" appears. The audible alarm sounds to 2. Press the [ZOOM] key. 1. Press the [MENU] key. targets which enter the guard zone. bearing ZO OM on (flashing) m ZGOM . o., G (OUT): When there are targets in the guard 2. Select TRAIL TIME (page 2). igure 1— 14 Measuring bearing by the cursor zone, the screen shows "G (OUT)". The audible and the EBL 3. Select target trail time desired; continuous, alarm sounds on all targets which exist in the Figu 30 seconds, 1, 3 or 6 min as appropriate. guard zone or targets within the guard zone. 4. Press the [(MENU] key. Trail brilliance «. 1. Press the [MENU] key. 2) Press [ZOOMI 2. Select TRAIL BRILL (page 2). (a) Inward target alarm (b) Outward target alarm 1) Place cursor where desired. 3. Select HIGH or LOW as appropriate 4. Press the [MENU] key. Figure 1—16 Zoom function Figure 1—18 inward and outward alarms inoperative when the Note: The zoom feature is display is shift ed.

—fi Silencing the audible alarm 1,22 Echo Stretch 1.23 Watchman Setting a guard zone at When a target violates the guard zone, the 1. Operate the TrackDisk to place the cursor On long ranges target echoes tend to shrink in The watchman function periodically transmits the top left corner of the zone and press the target flashes and the audible alarm sounds. the range direction, making them difficult to see the rada_xr for about thirty seconds to check for [(GUARD] key. You can silence the audible alarm by pressing On short and medium ranges such as 1.5, 3 anci , targets in a guard zone. If it finds change in the the [GUARD] key. When this is done, GUARD 6 nm range scales, the same sized targets get 2. Operate the TrackDisk to place the cursor at displayed in reverse video, replaces G (IN) or G zone from the previous transmission it sounds smaller on screen as they approach own ship the aydible alarm, cancels the watchman the bottom right corner of the zone and (OUT) and the guard zone is displayed in Thi§ i_s due to the inherent property of the | fuqctlon and transmits the radar continuously press the [GUARD] key. reverse video. This means the audible alarm is radiation pattern produced by the antenna. To to This feature is useful when you do not need té) Asterisk blinking temporarily deactivated. Press the key again enhance target video, use the echo stretch reactivate the alarm. observe the radar continuously but want to be Guard feature. alerted to radar targets in a specific area zone to set Echo stretch namely, the guard zone. ‘ Canceling the guard zone and guard ON |___Tx | Stby *) Tx | Stby *| Drag cursor alarm Lk , vorithhes,, ES i ]t t —fe here. Press and hold down the [GUARD] key to erase T 30 sec 5, 10 or 30 sec 5, 10 or / & the guard zone. [ F . Echo & EB 20 min 20 min Uane ce x¥ xt uie Echo r{:r‘fshman * Timer appears and countdowns — time to Tx when 1:00 remains 1.21 Interference Rejector E stretched Mentally create 1) Drag cursor to in range in ST—BY. the guard zone to set. top left corner of :, L8 direction zone and press [GUARD]. Mutual radar interference may occur in the nnnnss /’/,I.I.I.l.\.“\ vicinity of another shipbome radar operating in Figure 1—22 How watchman works the same frequency band (9 GHz). It is seen on Echo stretch OFF Echo stretch ON the screen as a number of bright spikes either in Figure 1—21 Echo stretch Turning on watchman irregular patterns or in the form of usually curved spoke—like dotted lines extending from 1. Press the [MENU] key. 1. Press the [MENU] key. the center to the edge of the picture. This type of 2. Select ECHO STRETCH. 2. Select WATCHMAN. interference can be reduced by activating the interference rejector circuit. "IR" appears at the 3. Select ON or OFF. 3. Select transmitting interval. Drag cursor top right corner when the interference rejector 4. Press the [MENU] key. circuit is on. 4. Press the [MENU] key. / here. ,6 in banct x¥ sX ES appears at the top right comer on the screen WATCHMAN appears at the top left comer on Press the [MENU] key. s when the echo stretch feature is on. the screen when the watchman function is on. Guard zone completed. 2) Drag cursor to Select INT REJECT. » sonm bottom right corner Note 1:VEcho stretch magnifies not only small of zone and press Select ON or OFF. tan_'get pips but also returns from sea surface Cancelling watchman [GUARD]. rain and radar interference. For this reason ‘ Press the [MENU] key. Press any key while the radar is transmitting. Figure 1—19 How to set a guard zone make sure .that these types of interference r’1ave been sufficiently suppressed before activating the echo stretch feature. Note: When the radar range is less than one half of the guard zone range, the guard zone disappears and the indication "UP RNG® Note 2: Echo stretch feature is not available on replaces G (IN) or G (OUT). If this happens, the moe ranges between 0.2 .25 and 0.75 nautical i raise the range to redisplay the guard zone. Figure 1—20 Radar interference

y—— 1.27 Selecting Ranges to Use 1.25 Displaying Navigation 1.26 Echo Color 1.24 Navigation Data Data During Stand—by The default echo color is black and the This 'rad?(r has 12 ranges, some you may not A 0183 format, require. You can select the ranges With navigation data input in NMEat the screen during stand— ba_ckground white. However, you may reverse navigation data can be displaye d Navigation data may be displayed this arrangement as follows: follows: ges to use as as follows: bottom. by (requires extemal sensors) 1. Press the [MENU] key. 1. Press the [MENU] key. ion, course, Press the [MENU] key. Navigation data includes posit » m om — 2. Select VIDEO. Select RANGE (page 2). on to destination speed, and range and bearing Select DSPL ON STBY. oint is shown waypoint (if set on navaid). Wayp 3. Select RVS. Select range to use and press the [EBL] key. m which is Select NAV. on the screen by a dashed ring 4. Press the [MENU] key. Press the [MENU] key. r (own position) m connected to the screen cente . Press the [MENU] key by a dashed line. WP 215.5 M 12.5NM CSE SPD 210.5° 12KT LL 34°42.25" N 135°24.12E 36378.1 TD 59096.4 TEMP 18.5°C DEPTH 2.6 ym Nav 1 2 5m LL 34° 38.99‘ n 135° 19.22‘ s Figure 1—24 Sample navigation data screen shown during stand—by EB 45.0° vam 2.42 nm h and Unit of measurement for dept data display Figure 1—23 Sample navigation water temperature Turning on the navigation data The unit of measurement for depth and water red) can be €C temperature (extemal sensor requi disp lay pressing of selected with the [EBL] key. Each of the [EBL] key changes the units 1. Press the [MENU] key. n in the measurement in the sequence show 2. Select NAV DATA. figure below. Select ON. there is no 3. Note 1: A location is blank when 4. Press the [MENU] key. corresponding data. le Note 2: To receive data from multip ined into one equipment, all data must be comb e. data line with a data—mixing devic

2. RADAR OBSERVATION It should be noted that the detection range is 2.1 General reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar signal). Minimum and maximum ranges Minimum range Radar resolution There are two important factors in radar resolu— The minimum range is defined by the shortest tion (discrimination): bearing resolution and distance at which, using a scale of 1.5 or 0.75 range resolution. m‘ is nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 still shown separate from the point representing the antenna position. Bearing resolution It is mainly dependent on the pulselength, Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to antenna height, and signal processing such as display as separate pips the echoes received main bang suppression and digital quantization. from two targets which are at the same range It is a good practice to use a shorter range scale and close together. It is proportional to the as far as it gives favorable definition or clarity of antenna length and reciprocally proportional to picture. the wavelength. The length of the antenna radiator should be chosen for a bearing Maximum range resolution better than 2.5 degrees. The maximum detecting range of the radar, Range resolution Rmax, varies considerably depending on several factors such as the height of the Range resolution is the ability to display as antenna above the waterline, the height of the separate pips the echoes received from two target above the sea, the size, shape and targets which are on the same bearing and material of the target, and the atmospheric close to each other. This is determined by conditions. pulselength only. Practically, a 0.08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimination Under normal atmospheric conditions, the better than 35 m as do so with all FURUNO maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or radars. a little shorter. The radar horizonis longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the Test targets for determining the range and diffraction property of the radar signal. The bearing resolution are radar reflectors having an Rmax is given in the following equation. echoing area of 10 m. Rnax= 2.2 x hi +¥n2 ) where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles) Bearing accuracy h1: antenna height (m) h2: target height (m) One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing Radar horizon measurement basically depends on the Optical horizon narrowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship‘s Figure 2—1 Radar horizon heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important factor For example, if the height of the antenna above in ensuring bearing accuracy. To minimize error the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the when measuring the bearing of a target, put the ?arget is 16 meters, the maximum radar range target echo at the extreme position on the is; screen by selecting a suitable range. Rawe: 2.2 x V9 +116 ) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm

r— Range measurement Sidelobe echoes Shadow sectors Measurement of the range to a targetis also a When the range to the SAR Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some Funnels, stacks, masts, or derri T is redu ced to cks in the path of about 1 nm, the radar disp very important function of the radar. Generally, radiation escapes on each side of the beam, the antenna block the radar beam lay may show also the . if 12 response s generated during the fast there are two means of measuring range: the called sidelobes. If a target exists where it can subtended at the antenna is more the angle These additional dot response sweeps. fixed range rings and the variable range marker be detected by the side lobes as well as the than a few s, which also are degrees, a non—detecting secto equally spaced by 0.64 nm, (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the main lobe, the side echoes may be represented r may be will be interspersed produced. Within this sector targe with the original line of 1 2 dots screen with a predetermined interval and on both sides of the true echo at the same range. ts can not be . They will appear detected. gtigt)htly weaker and smaller provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. Sidelobes show usually only on short ranges than the original The variable range marker‘s diameter is and from strong targets. They can be reduced lots. increased or decreased so that the marker through careful reduction of the gain or proper Screen A; When SART touches the inner edge of the target, allowing adjustment of the [STC] control. Screen B: When SART is distant the operator to obtain more accurate range Radar is close Radar antenna measurements. antenna beamwidth 0"1 Target A Target Bf _@ 2.2 False Echoes (Spurious) Target B ¥ (True) + Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen PéGhionof at positions where there is no target or sART disappear even if there are targets. They are, Figure 2—3 Sidelobe echoes however, recognized if you understand the reason why they are 61 SART mark Virtual image Shadow sector 9500 MHz — Jength displayed. Typical false echoes are shown A relatively large target close to your ship may Figure 2—5 Shadow sectors 9200 MHz ~a 173usSwespfine " Radar receiver bandwidth below. 1t—— 95 us —a be represented at two positions on the screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected py Figure 2—6 Appearance of SART signal on Multiple echoes the target and the otheris a false echo which is 2.3 SART (Search and Res the radar display caused by the mirror effect of a large object on cue Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse or Transponder) returns from a solid object like a large ship, General procedure for detecting bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more close to your ship as shown in the figure be}ow. Note: The SART information below is excerpted SART response echoes may be observed on the display at If your ship comes close to a large metal bndge, from IMO SN/Cire 197 Oper ation of Marine 1. Use the range scale of double, triple or other multiples of the act_ual for example, such a false echo may temporarily Radar for SART Detection. 6 or 12 nm as the range of the target as shown below. Multiple be seen on the screen. Spacing between the SAR T responses is reflection echoes can be reduced and often A Search and Rescue Tran about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to spon distinguish t may be triggered by any X—Ba der (SART) Target ship SART. removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or nd (3 cm) radar ° ho property adjusting the [STC] control. within a range of approxim ately 8 nm. Each 2. Tum off the automatic radar pulse received caus clutter suppression. True es it to transmit a response which is swep 3. Tum off the Interference echo t repetitively across the Rejector. = o complete radar frequency band . When 2—* interrogated, it first Sweeps General remarks on rec o) = + rapidly (0.4 us eiving SART through the band before begi neflng (a relgtizlely slow Sweep (7.5 ns) thro SART range errors ugh the band back to the starting frequency. This Targe process is repeated for_ a t'otal of twelve complete cycles. At some When responses from only Own ship Multiple point in each sweep, the SAR T frequency will sweeps are visible (when the 12 tow frequency echo match that of the interrogatin the SART is at a g radar and be range greater than about within the pass band of the 1 nm), the position at Figure 2—2 Multiple echoes radar receiver, if the which the first dot is displaye ~~r SABT is within range, the d may be as much _ ,! Mirror image frequency match as 0.64 nm beyond the true False during each of the 12 slow position of the \~‘_ of target ship sweeps wilt produce SART. When the range clos echo a response on the rada r display, thus a line of es so that the fast swe ep responses are seen Figure 2—4 Virtual image 1? dots equally spaced by also, the first of about 0.64 nautical these will be no more than miles will be shown. 150 meters beyond the true position.

Radar bandwidth FTC control Any radar bandwidth of less than FTC control 5 MHz wilt This is normaily matched to the radar This should be used normally (to break up areas attenuate the SART signal slight ly, so it is pulselength and is usually switched with the of rain) when trying to detect a SART response preferable to use a medium band width to ensure This . should be used : normall y (to break up areas range scale and the associated pulselength. which, being a series of dots, is not affected by optimum detection of the SART of rain) wfnen trying to detect a Narrow bandwidths of 3—5 MHz are used with the action of the anti—clutter rain circuitry. Note SART reszonse which, 'bemg a series of dots, long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths that Racon responses, which are often in the Radar side lobes is not affected by the action of the anti—clutter rain of 10—25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges. form of a long flash, will be affected by the use circuitry. Note :gi; lz?cczn resf;lmnses, whic of this control. h are often in the As the SART is approached, sidel a tong flash, will be Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will obes from the radar antenna may show the SART of this control. attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is Some sets have automatic/manual anti—clutter responses atfected by the use as a series of arcs or concentric preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure rain control facitities in which case the operator rings. These Som o e sets have automati ic/m can be removed by the use of anual anti—i clutter optimum detection of the SART. should switch to manual. the anti—clutter rain control facilities in whic sea control although it may be opera h case t tionally should switch to manual, When the range to the SART is reduced to use_ful to observe the sidelobes as he operator Radar side lobes they may be about 1 nm, the radar display may show also the easier to detect in clutter conditions they will contfirm that the SART and also 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. is near to the As the SART is approached, sidelobes from the ship. 2.4 Racon (Radar Beacon radar antenna may show the SART responses These additional dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm, will be interspersed ) Gain as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These with the originalline of 12 dots. They will appear A racon is5 aa radarac r transponder whic can be removed by the use of the anti—clutter characteristic signal when trig whi h emiti s slightly weaker and smaller than the original ForI maxit mum range SART detec gered by a shi:’s sea control although it may be operationalily dots. ti on the normal radar {usually only the 3 cent ggler:j s?r:n?g for long range detec imeter band). The useful to observe the sidelobes as they may be tion should be signal may be emitted on the easier to detect in clutter conditions and also viewis! . Ihat is, with backgrou g nd nolse noi speckle same frequency :3pt:s:ncgJheJnggifing radar they will confirm that the SART is near to the General procedure for detecting , in which case it is sed on the ship‘s radar di ship. SART response automatically. STC control P 1 aisplay Gain 1. Use the range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the The T raco rcon n signa s l appears on th e PPI as a radi spacing between the SART responses is For optimum range SART detec lme.(_)ngmatmg at a point just tion, thi beyond the adial about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the shoulq be set to the minimum. g_zsmlo?f_of the radar beacon For maximum range SART detection the normal Care'st::u?;gt;ol or as a Morse code SART. exercised as wanted target in ignal (figure below) displaye gain setting for long range detection should be sea clutter may be d radi j qbscured. Note also that in clutt beyond the beacon. Pey er cially from just used, that is, with background noise speckle 2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppression. first few dots of the SART resp conditions the visible. onse may not be 3. Tum off the Interference Rejector. detgctable, irrespective of the setting of the Racon anti—clutter sea control. in this STC control case, the position of the SART may be estimated General remarks on receiving SART by measuring own 9.5 ship nm miles from the furth est dot back towards For optimum range SART detection, this control should be set to the minimum. Care should be SART range errors exercised as wanted target in sea clutter may be Some sets hav_g automati c/manual anti—clutter obscured. Note also that in clutter conditions the When responses from only the 12 low frequency Ssea control facilities in whic h case the operator first few dots of the SART response may not be sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a should switch to manual. detectable, irrespective of the setting of the range greater than about 1 nm}, the position at anti—clutter sea control. in this case, the position which the first dot is displayed may be as much of the SART may be estimated by measuring as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the Figure 2—7 Appearance of Rac 9.5 nm miles from the furthest dot back towards SART. When the range closes so that the fast on signal on sweep responses are seen also, the first of the radar display own ship. these will be no more than 150 meters beyond Some sets have automatic/manual anti—clutter the true position. sea control facilities in which case the operator Radar bandwidth should switch to manual. This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulselength. Narrow bandwidths of 3—5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10—25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.

3. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING 3.1 Maintenance Regular maintenance is important for good performance. A maintenance program should be established and should at least include the items listed in Table 3—1. Maintenance Period Item Check point Action Fixing bolits for Check for corrosion and if Replace corroded bolts. Coat new antenna unit tightly fastened. bolits with anticorrosive sealant. Antenna unit Check for foreign material. Clean the antenna unit with a cleanliness {Foreign material on the freshwater—moistened cloth. antenna unit can cause a Alcohol may be used. Do not use considerable drop in commercial cleaners to clean the sensitivity.) antenna unit; they can remove paint and markings. 3mi>°nt€;15 Antenna unit Check for cracks. Permanent If a crack is found, it should be cover damage to the unit‘s circuitry temporarily repaired by using a will result if water leaks inside small amount of sealing compound or adhesive. The unit should then be brought to your dealer for permanent repairs. LCD The LCD will, in time, Wipe the LCD gently with a soft accumulate a coating of dust cloth. Do not use commercial which tends to dim the picture. cleaners to clean the LCD; they can remove paint and markings. 6 months Display unit Check for tight connection and If corroded, see your dealer about to 1 year connectors corrosion. replacement. 3.2 Replacing the Fuse The fuse (5A) in the power cable protects the equipment against reverse polarity of ship‘s mains, overcurrent, and equipmentfault. If the fuse blows, find the cause before replacing it. Never use a fuse rated for more than 5A, since overfusing can cause serious damage to the equipment and void the warranty.

p— _EUVURUNCO 3.3 Troubleshooting MODEL 1622 Table 3—2 provides simple troubleshooting procedures which the user can follow to restore normal SPECIFICATIONS OF MARINE operation. RADAR MODEL 1622 Troubleshooting If... But... Then... 1. GENERAL if you pressed the [POWER] key the control panel does not light * adjust DIMMER on the menu. (1) Indication System PPI Daylight display, raster scan, 4 tones * battery may have discharged. in monochrome to turn on the radar (2) Ran ge, Pulseleng h (PL) & Pulse Repetition * check if fuse has blown Rate (PRR) p 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 m_ Nothing appears on the display (panel lights) or display contrast * try adjusting LCD tone. Length (medium) |0.8 (long) 4. 6, l 8. 12, 16 is poor Pulse Repetition Rate{2100 Hz nomin al 1200 Hz nominal _|600 Hz nominal the radar has warmed up and "HO—StG—MISSING" or "BP—SIG— check that the signal cable is (3) Range Resolution Better than 50 m you pressed the [TX] key to MISSING" appears on thg tightly fastened. (4) Bearing Discrimination transmit display (panel is lit) or display Within 7.7° contrast is poor (5) Minimum Range 41 m j nsitivity (with the neither noise or targets appear check signal cable for damage. w9 (6) Bearing Accuracy Within 1° 20 FTC seftcred switched o OFF) y ( {characters and markers do) (7) Range Ring Accuracy 0.9 % of range or 8 m, whichever is the greater neither indications or markers do check signal cable for damage. (noise and targets do} 2. SCANNER UNIT A key is pressed nothing happens key may be faulty. Contact your (1) Radiator dealer. Micro—strip (2) Polarization Horizontal (3) Antenna Rotation Speed 24 rom nominal (4) Radiator Length 34 cm (35) Horizontal Beamwidth Less than 6.2° (6) Vertical Beamwidth 25° (7) Sidelobe Attenuation Less than —20 dB 3. TRANSCEIVER MODULE (1) Frequency 9410 MHz #30MHz (X band) (2) Modulation PON (3) Peak Output Power 2 kW (4) Modulator FET Switching Method (5) Intermediate Frequency 60 MHz (6) Tuning Automatic (7) Receiver Front End MIC (Microwave IC) (8) Bandwidth 7 MHz (9) Duplexer Circulator with diode limiter (10) Time of Heat—up l—min. approx. 4. DISPLAY uNT (1) Picture Tube 6 inch rectangular monochrome CRT

MODEL 1622 URUNCO ns MODEL 1622 FE B FURUNO Display Unit IPX5 x 240 dots ar display arca: 240 1EC60945 dots, Effective rad (4) Bearing Vibration 240(H) x 320(V) r of Rings 3 6. PoOWwWER SUPPLY 8 W or less) 5|05 12/24 VDC: 3.2/1.3 A, 35 W approx. (Watchman: 0.25 (1) Power Supply 4[3+1[«]al«|ring Scale, Range Rings, 7. DIMENSIONS AND MASS Heading Line, Bea rin g Line (EBL), See the Outline Drawings (4) Markers (VRM), Electronic Bea Variable Range Marker e, Alarm Zon , Parallel Cursor, Tuning Bar, Cursor ation input required), 8. COATING COLOR Waypoint Mark (navig sensor input required) Panel: N3.0 North Mark (heading (1) Display Unit ), Chassis: 2.5GY5/1.5 Inte rval, Display Mode (HU ications Range, Range Ring (5) Alphanumeric Ind M), Cover: N9.5, Bottom: 2.5PB 3.5/10 Range Marker (VR Interference Reject ion(lR), Variable (2) Scanner Unit nd—by (ST—BY), g Line (EBL), Sta Electronic Bearin o Stretch (ES), (G( IN) , G(OUT) . UP RANGE), Ech 9. COMPASS SAFE DISTANCE Guard Alarm Steering: 0.50 m Position, Cursor, Bearing or LL (1) Display Unit Standard: 0.65 m Range and Bearing to Elapsed Time. Steering: 0.95 m Tim e, Tra ili ng Standard: 1.25 m Echo Tailing (TRAIL ), Trailing (2) Scanner Unit play (ZOOM). MAN). Zoomed Dis Watchman (W. ATCH ired), vigation input requ Navigation Data (na g sensor input required) Heading (HDC, headin 2.0 ) NMEAO183 (Ver.1.5/ (6) Input Data GL L GGA>RMA>RMC> Own ship‘s position: G> VB W RMA>RMC>VT Speed: HDT>HDG“>HDM“ Heading (True): 'l ): HDM>HDG“>HDT Heading (Magnetic RMA>RM C> VT G Course (True): VTG>RMA Course (Magnetic): ring): RMB>BWC>BWR Waypoint(Range. Bea difference: RMA>GLC>GTD Loran tim e BT DPT >DBK>DBS>D Water depth: MTW Water temperature: *1: calculate by magnet ic drift. || | L CONDITION 5. ENVIRONMENTA to +70°C ature Scanner Unit: —25°C (1) Ambicnt Temper °C to +55°C Display Unit: —15 95 % or less at +40 °C (2) Relative Humidity (3) Waterproofing IPX6 Scanner Unit

INDEX B N BearIMQ MBASUT@MENN:......... .cs cccviveeceee. 8 Nav data M SEANU~DY .. .. .cs cce lencncnenrerennmenvnenenenenveverenes 12 C TUNING ON/ORE .. 2. .222 cce enc m mcvenenemenenemenmevnncens 12 CONfFO @SCTIPNION .............. cce 1 p CUFSOT.... ... ces cenenenervrinernnennnnenennennnenenneren en reres 5 POWER K@Y... .. .0 ce uevenveenerventnnerreneenveneeniees3 D R D@DNA UMit.......00.00000eeeeeeereervrenvenreeyreenecnenees 12 DIMMER K@Y ......... .ce eereeemerreveveeveermenerenanss 7 Range M@ASUT@MBNH ........cclccllcleemnenenenenerenenvevecnss 7 E minimum and maximun....... A5 EBL (Electronic Bearing Line)........................ 8 S@I@CHION .......c.vcscucccccccscllleee. ...3 EBL K@Y ... ... .ccscc ...8 Range measurement .7 Echo color .. .13 Range rings .......... ...5 ECRO SH@CR ......... ... ccccscceeemmermmevememrene 11 RANG@S 10 USQ............. ... 13 F S False echoes............. 16 SART ... .c coecmmmemmmermereerrememernerieeensmenmricen 17 FTO nsm 25 SRAUOW S@CIOT . . . . . . ., l clse se ces em nme re vec s 17 FUS@ F@PIAC@M@NL .............lclllcccccceemeenes 21 SHIFT KGY ... . ce c ecne nem er en em n en sbne n er nes 8 Sidetobe echoes 16 G y1e ooo4 exv e 4 T Guard alarm ...9 sitencing.. 10 Target trails ........................ GUARD K@Y ..........nnenee en enmereneenenervsrcrsens 10 brilliance .. time.......... H TONE key ... TRAIL key ...... H@ACHAGQ MATK@T...........c.ccccccecceeemammeeerenene> 6 Troubteshooting . I TX KB¥ ... .c cnccencnemmnmenvrinerernmnmnerenrmmenereennens. 3 IMQIGAIONS ..... ... .0. 00n0eeemmememmnmernmermenerneenenee 2 V IN{@er@NC@® F@J@CtOF .............c. cssc 10 ViTAU@L IM@GB® ....2.....2.00000 000 0n se io eemvevesmes mc ren e 16 M Maintenance... 21 Menu operation .. ...6 MuItiPI@ @CNOBS ....... ... cce 1 WAICRI@T ........0 .00 0000nee en ce cce rerenenereenenerne ce 11 Water temperature UNit. .................l.lclc.cl.lll.. 12 Z ZOOM KBY .02200e eeemmmmermmeremmmenmimnrmmememernces8


Document Created: 2001-06-12 09:51:40
Document Modified: 2001-06-12 09:51:40
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