Ex A

0504-EX-PL-2011 Text Documents

Tachyon Networks Incorporated

2011-10-06ELS_119894

Tachyon Airborne Satellite Terminal Exhibit A – Power Spectral Density Analysis Document For FCC Special Temporary Authorization Applicant: Tachyon, Inc. 9339 Carroll Park Drive, Suite 150. San Diego, CA 92121 1

Table of Contents 1.0 OVERVIEW OF THE TEST PARAMETERS.......................................... 3 1.1 TEST ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................... 4 1.2 VSAT OPERATION ................................................................................. 5 1.3 TEST OBJECTIVES ................................................................................. 7 2.0 FCC COMPLIANCE ................................................................................. 7 3.0 EMISSION DESIGNATOR ...................................................................... 9 ANNEX A MEASURED ANTENNA DATA…........................................................ 10 ANNEX B LINK BUDGETS………………..…........................................................ 11 2

TECHNICAL ANALYSIS Reference Documents: FCC CFR 47 Part 25 FCC Declaratory Order 3588 4/9/86 1. OVERVIEW OF THE TEST PARAMETERS Tachyon, Inc. intends to begin conducting tests on a small aperture antenna based Airborne Earth Station (“AES”) in a mobile environment. The Tachyon AES system is a point to multipoint star network consisting of a Hub station and multiple AES terminals all under Hub station control. The proposed tests will demonstrate the performance of one (1) AES within a network. The test will be conducted in the 14-14.5 GHz and 11.7- 12.2 GHz range. The hub and antenna will be communicating with one (1) of three (3) possible Intelsat satellites depending on commercial availability at the time of the tests. The Intelsat satellite options are: (1) Horizons 2, located at 74.05° W.L., (2) Galaxy 18, located at 123° W.L. and (3) Galaxy 28, located at 89° W.L. With regard to FCC compliance there are several conditions for the tests intended to ensure compliance with FCC requirements: 1. The Hub stations for each satellite option described above are licensed separately from this application under call signs E030051, E040140 and E040414. The hub stations will be operated in accordance with their licensed parameters. 2. A remote Antenna manufactured by Rantec Microwave Systems will be used for the purpose of testing: their 0.4572 meter airborne antenna model Number 501394. This antenna will be operated in and within 200 nautical miles of a fixed location, with a latitude of 39.521032 North and a longitude of 75.717974 West. This location is the Summit Airport in Middletown, Delaware. Mobile tests will be conducted with the antenna mounted on an aircraft, which will be in motion, either taxiing or in-flight. During testing, the AES will transmit a single 8.4050 MHz digital carrier with an EIRP level of +44 dBW. This corresponds to a transmitted power density level of -23.4 dBW/4 KHz. The maximum resulting E-plane EIRP density radiation pattern for the above antenna is shown in the Figure immediately below. The corresponding maximum power density level used is -21.4 dBW/4KHz, which is 2 dB higher than the levels transmitted during the test. This shows that the proposed transmission will be compliant with the FCC two-degree spacing requirement as specified in Section 25.218(f) of the FCC Rules, in the range of angles relevant for the purpose of determining harmful interference potential into any lawfully operating co-frequency radio-communication systems. Measured antenna data is also provided in Annex A below. 3. Appropriate measures will be taken to address compliance with FCC radiation hazard requirements, as explained in Exhibit B. 3

The in-flight mobile tests that Tachyon intends to conduct are the following: 1. Inbound Modem performance and BER tests 2. Outbound Modem performance and BER tests 3. Network Management performance 4. Services performance 5. Remote antenna performance 1.1 Test Environment The 0.4572 meter remote terminal will communicate with one (1) of three (3) Intelsat- owned, U.S. licensed hubs. The hub used for testing will depend upon satellite availability at the time of testing. The three (3) potential hubs are: Satellite Hub Location Hub Size Call Sign H-2 Lat 39° 42' 30.600'', Lng: -77° 43' 35.400'' 11.0m E030051 G-18 Lat 39° 42' 30.600'', Lng: -77° 43' 35.400'' 4.8m E040140 G-28 Lat 39° 42' 30.600'', Lng: -77° 43' 35.400'' 9.3m E040414 The hubs are located at a commercial teleport facility owned and operated by Intelsat Corporation, and located in Hagerstown, MD. 4

The number of components tested consists of a field trial quantity of one (1) AES and one (1) hub station. The physical location of the remote station will be within 200 nautical miles of GPS coordinates 39.521032 degrees N, 75.717974 degrees  W, which is within the continental United States. All testing will be conducted in a mobile environment. 1.2 VSAT Operation This document contains a detailed analysis and description of the parameters in the Tachyon, Inc. remote satellite communications terminal using already authorized Ku- Band satellites. This document will analyze FCC compliance when using a 0.4572 meter airborne antenna with a geostationary satellite in the Ku Band. The remote terminal transmitted signal uses a Multiple Channel Per Carrier (MCPC) waveform. The waveform consists of the following: Description Modulation Data Rates (mbps) Bandwidth (MHz) Inbound BPSK 2.34 8.4050 Waveform Outbound BPSK 1.264 1.7050 Waveform The total system bandwidth for inbound operation is 8.4050 MHz. The total system bandwidth for outbound operation is 1.264 MHz. The AES transmitter produces up to 15.85 Watts of RF power to overcome rainfall availability. The nominal AES transmitter power (clear sky) is 10 Watts. The network utilizes spread spectrum techniques to manage power in the inbound path. The total satellite bandwidth used is 9.6690 MHZ. 1. 8.4050 MHZ inbound BPSK/TDMA 2. 1.264 MHZ outbound BPSK The transit frequency requirement is 14.0 GHz to 14.5 GHz Tx, and 11.7 GHz to 12.2 GHz Rx. The calculations for maximum EIRP are contained in the following sections. The AES transmitted signal is BPSK digitally modulated waveform plus overhead occupying an RF bandwidth of 8.4050 MHz within the FCC emissions mask of part 25. The maximum rated RF power into the AES antenna per terminal is +12 dBW. The 5

maximum controlled power output per AES terminal is +46 dBW. Under closed loop power control the typical clear sky power is +44 dBW. Accurate pointing of the AES antenna is achieved under direction of the Antenna Control Unit (ACU), which is an established product with over 150 units operating on licensed aircraft with 11.5” antennas. The ACU receives aircraft position, heading, orientation and rate of change information from a dedicated Inertial Reference Unit (IRU), which is also an established product with approximately 150 to 175 units in operation on commercial aircraft. The ACU determines the desired antenna azimuth and elevation by executing an open loop pointing algorithm using: • ephemeris data stored in the modem to determine the satellite location and polarization; • stored constants to determine the antenna orientation relative to the airframe; Latitude, Longitude, and altitude data from the dedicated IRU to determine the aircraft location; • Heading, Yaw, Pitch, and Roll data from the dedicated IRU to determine the aircraft orientation; and • Speed, Yaw Rate, Pitch Rate, and Roll Rate data from the dedicated IRU to predict changes in aircraft location and orientation. Once the satellite is acquired, the ACU corrects for aircraft attitude changes based upon the IRU data, without waiting for degradation of the received signal strength. The IRU data is provided every 0.02 seconds, with a data resolution (least significant bit) of 0.05°. The ACU computes the desired antenna azimuth, elevation and polarization 1024 times every second (approximately once every millisecond). The antenna mechanical resolution is 0.09°. The antenna can slew in azimuth and elevation at more than 15° per second, which is sufficient to track aircraft motion within a normal flight envelope. The total root mean square pointing error for the antenna is calculated to be less than 0.1°, which is sufficient to satisfy the requirements for minimizing off-axis emissions, while maintaining the necessary gain for proper system operation. The link quality measures of Eb/No and packet loss rate will be used to determine when the Forward link has degraded to the point where loss of antenna pointing will be declared. The Return link transmission then is terminated within 250 ms typically (820 ms worst case), until the antenna catches up and system lock is restored. The antenna receive polarization choices are selectable as linear horizontal or linear vertical. Transmit polarization is linear and aligned to be orthogonal to the selected receive polarization. The antenna dish can be rotated 210° for fine control (0.25°) of the polarization. The ACU executes an open loop algorithm using the same inputs that it uses for antenna pointing to control the polarization. 6

1.3 Test Objectives This STA is performed under a US Government program for potential use as part of an existing mobile aeronautical service currently provided outside the United States to a U.S. Government customer. Testing of this new antenna will allow Tachyon to determine whether it may be incorporated into the existing U.S. Government service offering. 2.0 FCC Compliance Tachyon, Inc. is providing analysis in this submittal that verifies the system will operate jointly with other primary fixed services on a non-interference basis. Tachyon, Inc. complies with the requirements of Part 25 in the following ways. 1. The Power Density Requirements (FCC Declaratory Order (fn 35), which is Based in part 25.209(f) “Antenna Performance Standards,” is complied with by using the 0.4572 meter antenna with additional spread spectrum waveform techniques to meet the Power Density Requirements. Adjacent Satellite interference criteria are met by compliance with this FCC order. 2. Susceptibility to interference from FSS and terrestrial sites are complied with by using 0.4572 meter parabolic center bore feed reflector. 3. The minimum elevation angle part 25.205>5°. This requirement is controlled in installation. 4. Emission Limitations, part 25.202(f) are complied with through appropriate filtering and modulation control. The analysis that follows, indicates that the operation of the proposed airborne antenna guarantees that no unacceptable interference into existing KU-Band operations in a 2- degree spacing environment will result. For guidance on the non-interference issues, the standard references for the power flux density levels are specified in the referenced FCC Declaratory order (see paragraph 10 & 14). This paragraph indicates that the following levels are acceptable within the routine licensing process: (1) -14 dBW/4kHz Transmit power into the antenna (Inbound Link) (per Earth Terminal Channel) (2) 512 Kbps maximum gross bit rate (Inbound) (per Earth Terminal) (5) Antenna conforming to CFR 47 §25.209 or a demonstration that the antenna (and waveform) will not cause unacceptable interference. 7

The analysis is summarized below using the following parameters (RF Bandwidth = 8.4050 MHz) with a modulation waveform spread spectrum BPSK. (1) Inbound PD(Into Antenna)-Modulation waveform BPSK. a.) Maximum Rated Power Density: = +12 dBW(RF Maximum Power) / 7000 Ksps = -21.4 dBW/4kHz/channel b.) Clear sky Power Density level: = +10 dBW(RF Typical Power) / 7000 Ksps = -23.4 dBW/4kHz/channel To insure that the Inbound terminals do not exceed power density requirements per FCC Declaratory order 3588, the system uses a spread spectrum waveform. To provide confirmation that the Inbound terminals collectively will not cause interference in a 2 degree spacing environment, the EIRP of the proposed terminals has been compared against the equation referenced in the FCC Declaratory Order, Footnote 35, i.e.[15-25 Log (Lambda)] dBW/4kHz regarding VSAT Power Density requirements. EIRP is the sum of the Inbound power density calculated above and the gain of the antenna proposed at a given angle off bore axis, with 0 degrees representing maximum gain. The conclusion is that the terminal proposed is in compliance with FCC Part 25 rulings as well as FCC Declaratory Order 3588 4/9/86. Link Budgets. Link budgets for the AES system are shown in Annex B for each possible satellite option. The networks in these examples are operating with 1.1264 Mbps forward link information rate and 2.34 Mbps return link information rate using the Rantec antenna. The AES transmit EIRP for the return link has been backed off to produce at least 0.5 dB target Eb/No margin. As shown in each link budget, the AES terminal is able to close the link in each satellite case with positive link margin. Protection of Other Users in the 14.0–14.5 GHz Band Protection of Fixed-Satellite Service. The FCC has not yet established service rules applicable to Ku-band AES terminal operations, but interference considerations are analogous to those that currently apply to Earth Station Vessels (“ESVs”) set for in 47 C. F. R. Section 25.222. Tachyon’s AES terminal will operate in such a manner that the off- axis EIRP levels are no greater than the levels produced by routinely licensed VSAT earth stations. To the extent that any adjacent satellite operator experiences unacceptable interference from Tachyon’s experimental operations, Tachyon will cease terminal transmissions immediately. Additionally, since this testing will be performed under the control of the Tachyon AES network operations center there will be a record of the 8

AES’s location and operating parameters as specified in Section 25.222(a)(4). Protection of Potential NGSO FSS Systems. Tachyon acknowledges that non- geostationary orbit (“NGSO”) systems are also permitted to operate in the Ku-band. However, no such systems are currently authorized or plan to operate within the period contemplated for the proposed experimental operations. Protection of Terrestrial Radio Services. Tachyon has examined current spectrum use in the 14.0-14.5 GHz band and has determined that there are no active FCC-licensed terrestrial services in this band in North America with which its proposed operations would potentially conflict. Protection of the Radio Astronomy Service. For purposes of this experimental application, Tachyon terminals will not operate within the 14.47 GHz - 14.5 GHz band. Protection of Space Research Service. Tachyon recognizes the utilization of the frequency band from 14.0-14.05 GHz and the possible use of the band from 14.05-14.2 GHz allocated to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (“NASA”) Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (“TDRSS”) for space research conducted at White Sands, New Mexico and Blossom Point, Maryland. For purposes of this test demonstration, Tachyon will avoid AES operation within line-of-sight vicinity of these earth stations. OEM Vendor Equipment: 1. Remote Antenna – Rantec Microwave Systems 0.4572 meter airborne antenna model Number 501394 3.0 EMISSION DESIGNATOR The remote terminal will transmit in the 14.0-14.5 GHz (Earth to Space) and receive in the 11.7 to 12.2 GHz (Space to Earth) Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) band. The emission type is standard BPSK. The emission designator is expected to be 2M00G7D. This bandwidth per the FCC definition of occupied 50dB bandwidth, Section 25.202(f1) is presently 8.4050 MHz. 9

Annex A Measured Antenna Data Rantec 18” Ku-band Antenna Model Number 501394 10

ACT Technologies MI—3000 Analysis Results 1A¥ A L. Value being computed Min Result Max Units Gain Measurement Analysis Antenna Gain (dBi) atf= 10.950 32.08 Antenna Gain (dBi) atf= 11.000 32.44 Antenna Gain (dBi) atf= 11.300 32.24 Antenna Gain (dBi) atf= 11.700 32.77 Gain Analysis of file e:\indialAcquiredData\Rxtplane_101.MDB Analysis performed on AUT measurements of: all frequencies a lineerly polarized range and AUT all channels and Gain Standard measurements: from file e:\india\AcquiredData\Rxgst_101.MDB assuming gain standard ‘8.2 — 12.4 on the Bin 1 channel nsc um reomprmnemncemins mromotcmonmnse mm Page 1 of1

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_A Technologes MI—3000 Analysis Results 1 Y A A. Value being computed Min Result Max Units Gain Measurement Analysis Antenna Gain (dBi) atf= 13.750 33.69 Antenna Gain (dBi) atf= 14.000 34.37 Antenna Gain (dBi) atf= 14.500 34.47 Gain Analysis of file e:\indiaAcquiredData\Txhplane_101.MDB Analysis performed on AUT measurements of: all frequencies a linearly polarized range and AUT all channels and Gain Standard measurements: from file e:\IMIa\Aequmoata\wa101.MDB assuming gain standard "12.4 — 18.0 on the Bin 1 channet ninenccom nrommmcmmmeesemmenncensmmernmnnemmenmemnnematcrnsmnmmnenenarmmus Page 1 of1

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Annex B Link Budgets 11

Link Budget Produced using Satmaster+ Wednesday 5 October 2011 Service Name Tachyon Airborne Coverage Delaware G18 Uplink earth station Hagerstown, USA-MD Downlink earth station Middletown, USA-DE Satellite name GALAXY 18 Link Input Parameters Up Down Units Site latitude 39.65N 39.45N degrees Site longitude 77.72W 75.72W degrees Site altitude 0 4 km Frequency 14.031 11.48125 GHz Polarization Horizontal Vertical Rain model ITU (43.3) ITU (47.3) (mm/h or zone) Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Antenna aperture 4.8 0.457 metres Antenna efficiency or gain (+ or - prefix) 66.5 58 % or dBi Coupling loss 0.3 0.2 dB Antenna mispoint loss 0.5 0.5 dB Ionospheric losses 0 0 dB LNB noise figure or temp (+ prefix) 0.7 dB or K Antenna noise AUTO K Csat/ACIo 108 108 dB.Hz Csat/ASIo 106.00 106.00 dBW.Hz Csat/XPIo 104 104 dB.Hz Uplink station HPA output back-off 0.5 dB Number of carriers / HPA 2 HPA Csat/IMo 115 dB.Hz Uplink power control 0 dB Uplink filter truncation loss 0 dB Required HPA power capability MIN W Satellite Input Parameters Value Units Satellite longitude 123.00W degrees Transponder type TWTA G/T Reference 8.4 dB/K SFD Reference -98 dBW/m2 Receive G/T 8.4 dB/K Attenuator pad (gain step) 0 dB Effective SFD -98.00 dBW/m2 Satellite ALC 0 dB EIRP (saturation) 52.3 dBW Transponder bandwidth 36 MHz Input back off total 6.0 dB Output back off total 3.5 dB Number of transponder carriers AUTO Carrier/Link Input Parameters Value Units Modulation BPSK Required bit error rate performance 10^-7 Required Eb/No without FEC coding 11.31 dB Required Eb/No with FEC coding 4.3 dB Information rate 1.024 Mbps Overhead 10 % FEC code rate 0.793 Spreading gain 0 dB Reed Solomon code 1 (1 + Roll off factor) 1.2 Carrier spacing factor 1.2 Bandwidth allocation step size 0.001 MHz

System margin 0 dB Calculations at Saturation Value Units Gain 1m^2 44.40 dB/m2 Uplink C/No 94.60 dB.Hz Downlink C/No 86.11 dB.Hz Total C/No 85.54 dB.Hz Uplink EIRP for saturation 65.81 dBW General Calculations Up Down Units Elevation 24.94 23.65 degrees True azimuth 237.71 239.60 degrees Compass bearing 248.21 251.21 degrees Path distance to satellite 39076.13 39199.23 km Propagation time delay 0.130344 0.130754 seconds Antenna efficiency 66.50 58.00 % Antenna gain 55.20 32.44 dBi Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Link downtime (average year) 21.915 21.915 hours Availability (worst month) 99.147 99.147 % Link downtime (worst month) 6.234 6.234 hours Spectral power density -70.50 -26.30 dBW/Hz Uplink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Uplink transmit EIRP 46.23 46.23 46.23 dBW Transponder input back-off (total) 6.00 6.00 6.00 dB Input back-off per carrier 19.58 22.34 19.58 dB Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 207.23 207.23 207.23 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.16 0.16 0.16 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.31 0.31 0.31 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 2.77 0.00 dB Uplink power control 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Uncompensated rain fade 0.00 2.77 0.00 dB C/No (thermal) 75.02 72.26 75.02 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 12.71 9.94 12.71 dB C/ACI 26.11 23.34 26.11 dB C/ASI 24.11 21.34 24.11 dB C/XPI 22.11 19.34 22.11 dB C/IM 33.11 30.34 33.11 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 11.77 9.00 11.77 dB Eb/(No+Io) 13.57 10.80 13.57 dB Downlink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Satellite EIRP total 52.30 52.30 52.30 dBW Transponder output back-off (total) 3.50 3.50 3.50 dB Output back-off per carrier 17.08 19.84 17.08 dB Satellite EIRP per carrier 35.22 32.46 35.22 dBW Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 205.51 205.51 205.51 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.14 0.14 0.14 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.40 0.40 0.40 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Noise increase due to precipitation 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Downlink degradation (DND) 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Total system noise 111.35 111.35 111.35 K Figure of merit (G/T) 11.27 11.27 11.27 dB/K C/No (thermal) 69.04 66.27 69.04 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 6.72 3.95 6.72 dB C/ACI 28.61 25.84 28.61 dB C/ASI 26.61 23.84 26.61 dB C/XPI 24.61 21.84 24.61 dB

C/IM 19.61 16.84 19.61 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 6.37 3.60 6.37 dB Eb/(No+Io) 8.17 5.40 8.17 dB Totals per Carrier (End-to-End) Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units C/No (thermal) 68.06 65.29 68.06 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 5.74 2.98 5.74 dB C/ACI 24.17 21.40 24.17 dB C/ASI 22.17 19.40 22.17 dB C/XPI 20.17 17.40 20.17 dB C/IM 19.42 16.65 19.42 dB C/(No+Io) 67.58 64.82 67.58 dB.Hz C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 5.27 2.50 5.27 dB Eb/(No+Io) 7.07 4.30 7.07 dB System margin 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Net Eb/(No+Io) 7.07 4.30 7.07 dB Required Eb/(No+Io) 4.30 4.30 4.30 dB Excess margin 2.77 0.00 2.77 dB Earth Station Power Requirements Value Units EIRP per carrier 46.23 dBW Antenna gain 55.20 dBi Antenna feed flange power per carrier -8.97 dBW Uplink power control 0.00 dB HPA output back off 0.50 dB Waveguide loss 0.3 dB Filter truncation loss 0 dB Number of HPA carriers 2 Total HPA power required -5.1626 dBW Required HPA power capability 0.3046 W Spectral power density (feed flange) -70.50 dBW/Hz Space Segment Utilization Value Units Overall link availability 99.501 % Information rate (inc overhead) 1.1264 Mbps Transmit rate 1.4204 Mbps Symbol rate 1.4204 Mbaud Noise Bandwidth 62.32 dB.Hz Occupied bandwidth 1.7045 MHz Minimum allocated bandwidth required 1.7045 MHz Allocated transponder bandwidth 1.7050 MHz Percentage transponder bandwidth used 4.74 % Used transponder power 35.22 dBW Percentage transponder power used 4.39 % Max carriers by transponder bandwidth 21.11 Max carriers by transponder power 22.79 Max transponder carriers limited by:- Bandwidth [21.11] Power equivalent bandwidth usage 1.5796 MHz

Link Budget Produced using Satmaster+ Tuesday 4 October 2011 Service Name Tachyon Airborne Coverage Delaware G18 Uplink earth station Middletown, USA-DE Downlink earth station Hagerstown, USA-MD Satellite name GALAXY 18 Link Input Parameters Up Down Units Site latitude 39.45N 39.65N degrees Site longitude 75.72W 77.72W degrees Site altitude 4 2 km Frequency 14.031 11.48125 GHz Polarization Vertical Horizontal Rain model ITU (47.3) ITU (43.3) (mm/h or zone) Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Antenna aperture 0.457 4.8 metres Antenna efficiency or gain (+ or - prefix) 58 66.5 % or dBi Coupling loss 0.2 0.3 dB Antenna mispoint loss 0.5 0.5 dB Ionospheric losses 0 0 dB LNB noise figure or temp (+ prefix) 0.7 dB or K Antenna noise AUTO K Csat/ACIo 108 108 dB.Hz Csat/ASIo 106.00 106.00 dBW.Hz Csat/XPIo 104 104 dB.Hz Uplink station HPA output back-off 0.5 dB Number of carriers / HPA 2 HPA Csat/IMo 115 dB.Hz Uplink power control 0 dB Uplink filter truncation loss 0 dB Required HPA power capability 16 W Satellite Input Parameters Value Units Satellite longitude 123.00W degrees Transponder type TWTA G/T Reference 8.4 dB/K SFD Reference -98 dBW/m2 Receive G/T 8.4 dB/K Attenuator pad (gain step) 0 dB Effective SFD -98.00 dBW/m2 Satellite ALC 0 dB EIRP (saturation) 52.4 dBW Transponder bandwidth 36 MHz Input back off total 6.0 dB Output back off total 3.5 dB Number of transponder carriers AUTO Carrier/Link Input Parameters Value Units Modulation BPSK Required bit error rate performance 10^-7 Required Eb/No without FEC coding 11.31 dB Required Eb/No with FEC coding 4 dB Information rate 1.8 Mbps Overhead 30 % FEC code rate 2/3 Spreading gain 3 dB Reed Solomon code 1 (1 + Roll off factor) 1.2 Carrier spacing factor 1.2 Bandwidth allocation step size 0.001 MHz

System margin 0 dB Calculations at Saturation Value Units Gain 1m^2 44.40 dB/m2 Uplink C/No 94.60 dB.Hz Downlink C/No 107.39 dB.Hz Total C/No 94.38 dB.Hz Uplink EIRP for saturation 65.99 dBW General Calculations Up Down Units Elevation 23.65 24.94 degrees True azimuth 239.60 237.71 degrees Compass bearing 251.21 248.21 degrees Path distance to satellite 39199.23 39076.13 km Propagation time delay 0.130754 0.130344 seconds Antenna efficiency 58.00 66.50 % Antenna gain 34.18 53.46 dBi Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Link downtime (average year) 21.915 21.915 hours Availability (worst month) 99.147 99.147 % Link downtime (worst month) 6.234 6.234 hours Spectral power density -60.12 -37.03 dBW/Hz Uplink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Uplink transmit EIRP 42.51 42.51 42.51 dBW Transponder input back-off (total) 6.00 6.00 6.00 dB Input back-off per carrier 23.48 23.48 23.48 dB Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 207.26 207.26 207.26 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.18 0.18 0.18 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.45 0.45 0.45 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Uplink power control 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Uncompensated rain fade 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB C/No (thermal) 71.13 71.13 71.13 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 1.88 1.88 1.88 dB C/ACI 15.28 15.28 15.28 dB C/ASI 13.28 13.28 13.28 dB C/XPI 11.28 11.28 11.28 dB C/IM 22.28 22.28 22.28 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 0.94 0.94 0.94 dB Eb/(No+Io) 6.49 6.49 6.49 dB Downlink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Satellite EIRP total 52.40 52.40 52.40 dBW Transponder output back-off (total) 3.50 3.50 3.50 dB Output back-off per carrier 20.98 20.98 20.98 dB Satellite EIRP per carrier 31.42 31.42 31.42 dBW Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 205.49 205.49 205.49 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.13 0.13 0.13 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.29 0.29 0.29 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 0.00 1.05 dB Noise increase due to precipitation 0.00 0.00 1.75 dB Downlink degradation (DND) 0.00 0.00 2.80 dB Total system noise 108.79 108.79 162.60 K Figure of merit (G/T) 32.29 32.29 30.55 dB/K C/No (thermal) 86.41 86.41 83.61 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 17.17 17.17 14.37 dB C/ACI 17.78 17.78 17.78 dB C/ASI 15.78 15.78 15.78 dB C/XPI 13.78 13.78 13.78 dB

C/IM 8.78 8.78 8.78 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 6.26 6.26 5.95 dB Eb/(No+Io) 11.81 11.81 11.50 dB Totals per Carrier (End-to-End) Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units C/No (thermal) 71.00 71.00 70.89 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 1.75 1.75 1.64 dB C/ACI 13.34 13.34 13.34 dB C/ASI 11.34 11.34 11.34 dB C/XPI 9.34 9.34 9.34 dB C/IM 8.59 8.59 8.59 dB C/(No+Io) 69.07 69.07 68.99 dB.Hz C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] -0.18 -0.18 -0.25 dB Eb/(No+Io) 5.37 5.37 5.30 dB System margin 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Net Eb/(No+Io) 5.37 5.37 5.30 dB Required Eb/(No+Io) 4.00 4.00 4.00 dB Excess margin 1.37 1.37 1.30 dB Earth Station Power Requirements Value Units EIRP per carrier 42.51 dBW Antenna gain 34.18 dBi Antenna feed flange power per carrier 8.33 dBW Uplink power control 0.00 dB HPA output back off 0.50 dB Waveguide loss 0.2 dB Filter truncation loss 0 dB Number of HPA carriers 2 Total HPA power required 12.0412 dBW Required HPA power capability 16.0000 W Spectral power density (feed flange) -60.12 dBW/Hz Space Segment Utilization Value Units Overall link availability 99.501 % Information rate (inc overhead) 2.3400 Mbps Transmit rate 3.5100 Mbps Symbol rate 7.0034 Mbaud Noise Bandwidth 69.24 dB.Hz Occupied bandwidth 8.4040 MHz Minimum allocated bandwidth required 8.4040 MHz Allocated transponder bandwidth 8.4050 MHz Percentage transponder bandwidth used 23.35 % Used transponder power 31.42 dBW Percentage transponder power used 1.79 % Max carriers by transponder bandwidth 4.28 Max carriers by transponder power 55.93 Max transponder carriers limited by:- Bandwidth [4.28] Power equivalent bandwidth usage 0.6437 MHz

Link Budget Produced using Satmaster+ Wednesday 5 October 2011 Service Name Tachyon Airborne Coverage Delaware G28 Uplink earth station Hagerstown, USA-MD Downlink earth station Middletown, USA-DE Satellite name GALAXY 28 Link Input Parameters Up Down Units Site latitude 39.65N 39.45N degrees Site longitude 77.72W 75.72W degrees Site altitude 0 4 km Frequency 14.031 11.48125 GHz Polarization Horizontal Vertical Rain model ITU (43.3) ITU (47.3) (mm/h or zone) Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Antenna aperture 9.3 0.457 metres Antenna efficiency or gain (+ or - prefix) 66.5 58 % or dBi Coupling loss 0.3 0.2 dB Antenna mispoint loss 0.5 0.5 dB Ionospheric losses 0 0 dB LNB noise figure or temp (+ prefix) 0.7 dB or K Antenna noise AUTO K Csat/ACIo 108 108 dB.Hz Csat/ASIo 106.00 106.00 dBW.Hz Csat/XPIo 104 104 dB.Hz Uplink station HPA output back-off 1 dB Number of carriers / HPA 1 HPA Csat/IMo 115 dB.Hz Uplink power control 0 dB Uplink filter truncation loss 0 dB Required HPA power capability MIN W Satellite Input Parameters Value Units Satellite longitude 89.0W degrees Transponder type TWTA G/T Reference 4.1 dB/K SFD Reference -97.4 dBW/m2 Receive G/T 4.1 dB/K Attenuator pad (gain step) 0 dB Effective SFD -97.40 dBW/m2 Satellite ALC 0 dB EIRP (saturation) 49.6 dBW Transponder bandwidth 36 MHz Input back off total 5.9 dB Output back off total 3.8 dB Number of transponder carriers AUTO Carrier/Link Input Parameters Value Units Modulation BPSK Required bit error rate performance 10^-7 Required Eb/No without FEC coding 11.31 dB Required Eb/No with FEC coding 4.3 dB Information rate 1.024 Mbps Overhead 10 % FEC code rate 0.793 Spreading gain 0 dB Reed Solomon code 1 (1 + Roll off factor) 1.2 Carrier spacing factor 1.2 Bandwidth allocation step size 0.001 MHz

System margin 0 dB Calculations at Saturation Value Units Gain 1m^2 44.40 dB/m2 Uplink C/No 90.90 dB.Hz Downlink C/No 84.16 dB.Hz Total C/No 83.33 dB.Hz Uplink EIRP for saturation 65.80 dBW General Calculations Up Down Units Elevation 42.65 42.31 degrees True azimuth 197.36 200.38 degrees Compass bearing 207.86 211.99 degrees Path distance to satellite 37579.50 37604.92 km Propagation time delay 0.125352 0.125436 seconds Antenna efficiency 66.50 58.00 % Antenna gain 60.95 32.44 dBi Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Link downtime (average year) 21.915 21.915 hours Availability (worst month) 99.147 99.147 % Link downtime (worst month) 6.234 6.234 hours Spectral power density -74.54 -27.69 dBW/Hz Uplink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Uplink transmit EIRP 47.93 47.93 47.93 dBW Transponder input back-off (total) 5.90 5.90 5.90 dB Input back-off per carrier 17.87 19.88 17.87 dB Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 206.89 206.89 206.89 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.10 0.10 0.10 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.10 0.10 0.10 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 2.02 0.00 dB Uplink power control 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Uncompensated rain fade 0.00 2.02 0.00 dB C/No (thermal) 73.04 71.02 73.04 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 10.72 8.70 10.72 dB C/ACI 27.82 25.80 27.82 dB C/ASI 25.82 23.80 25.82 dB C/XPI 23.82 21.80 23.82 dB C/IM 34.82 32.80 34.82 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 10.29 8.28 10.29 dB Eb/(No+Io) 12.09 10.08 12.09 dB Downlink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Satellite EIRP total 49.60 49.60 49.60 dBW Transponder output back-off (total) 3.80 3.80 3.80 dB Output back-off per carrier 15.77 17.78 15.77 dB Satellite EIRP per carrier 33.83 31.82 33.83 dBW Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 205.15 205.15 205.15 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.09 0.09 0.09 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.22 0.22 0.22 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Noise increase due to precipitation 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Downlink degradation (DND) 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Total system noise 107.79 107.79 107.79 K Figure of merit (G/T) 11.41 11.41 11.41 dB/K C/No (thermal) 68.39 66.38 68.39 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 6.08 4.06 6.08 dB C/ACI 29.92 27.90 29.92 dB C/ASI 27.92 25.90 27.92 dB C/XPI 25.92 23.90 25.92 dB

C/IM 20.92 18.90 20.92 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 5.85 3.83 5.85 dB Eb/(No+Io) 7.65 5.63 7.65 dB Totals per Carrier (End-to-End) Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units C/No (thermal) 67.11 65.10 67.11 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 4.80 2.78 4.80 dB C/ACI 25.73 23.72 25.73 dB C/ASI 23.73 21.72 23.73 dB C/XPI 21.73 19.72 21.73 dB C/IM 20.75 18.73 20.75 dB C/(No+Io) 66.83 64.82 66.83 dB.Hz C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 4.52 2.50 4.52 dB Eb/(No+Io) 6.32 4.30 6.32 dB System margin 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Net Eb/(No+Io) 6.32 4.30 6.32 dB Required Eb/(No+Io) 4.30 4.30 4.30 dB Excess margin 2.02 0.00 2.02 dB Earth Station Power Requirements Value Units EIRP per carrier 47.93 dBW Antenna gain 60.95 dBi Antenna feed flange power per carrier -13.01 dBW Uplink power control 0.00 dB HPA output back off 1.00 dB Waveguide loss 0.3 dB Filter truncation loss 0 dB Number of HPA carriers 1 Total HPA power required -11.7144 dBW Required HPA power capability 0.0674 W Spectral power density (feed flange) -74.54 dBW/Hz Space Segment Utilization Value Units Overall link availability 99.501 % Information rate (inc overhead) 1.1264 Mbps Transmit rate 1.4204 Mbps Symbol rate 1.4204 Mbaud Noise Bandwidth 62.32 dB.Hz Occupied bandwidth 1.7045 MHz Minimum allocated bandwidth required 1.7045 MHz Allocated transponder bandwidth 1.7050 MHz Percentage transponder bandwidth used 4.74 % Used transponder power 33.83 dBW Percentage transponder power used 6.36 % Max carriers by transponder bandwidth 21.11 Max carriers by transponder power 15.72 Max transponder carriers limited by:- Power [15.72] Power equivalent bandwidth usage 2.2898 MHz

Link Budget Produced using Satmaster+ Tuesday 4 October 2011 Service Name Tachyon Airborne Coverage Delaware G28 Uplink earth station Middletown, USA-DE Downlink earth station Hagerstown, USA-MD Satellite name GALAXY 28 Link Input Parameters Up Down Units Site latitude 39.45N 39.65N degrees Site longitude 75.72W 77.72W degrees Site altitude 4 0 km Frequency 14.031 11.48125 GHz Polarization Vertical Horizontal Rain model ITU (47.3) ITU (43.3) (mm/h or zone) Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Antenna aperture 0.457 9.3 metres Antenna efficiency or gain (+ or - prefix) 58 66.5 % or dBi Coupling loss 0.2 0.3 dB Antenna mispoint loss 0.5 0.5 dB Ionospheric losses 0 0 dB LNB noise figure or temp (+ prefix) 0.7 dB or K Antenna noise AUTO K Csat/ACIo 108 108 dB.Hz Csat/ASIo 106.00 106.00 dBW.Hz Csat/XPIo 104 104 dB.Hz Uplink station HPA output back-off 1 dB Number of carriers / HPA 1 HPA Csat/IMo 115 dB.Hz Uplink power control 0 dB Uplink filter truncation loss 0 dB Required HPA power capability 16 W Satellite Input Parameters Value Units Satellite longitude 89.0W degrees Transponder type TWTA G/T Reference 4.3 dB/K SFD Reference -97.6 dBW/m2 Receive G/T 4.3 dB/K Attenuator pad (gain step) 0 dB Effective SFD -97.60 dBW/m2 Satellite ALC 0 dB EIRP (saturation) 49.3 dBW Transponder bandwidth 36 MHz Input back off total 5.9 dB Output back off total 3.8 dB Number of transponder carriers AUTO Carrier/Link Input Parameters Value Units Modulation BPSK Required bit error rate performance 10^-7 Required Eb/No without FEC coding 11.31 dB Required Eb/No with FEC coding 4 dB Information rate 1.8 Mbps Overhead 30 % FEC code rate 2/3 Spreading gain 3 dB Reed Solomon code 1 (1 + Roll off factor) 1.2 Carrier spacing factor 1.2 Bandwidth allocation step size 0.001 MHz

System margin 0 dB Calculations at Saturation Value Units Gain 1m^2 44.40 dB/m2 Uplink C/No 90.90 dB.Hz Downlink C/No 110.73 dB.Hz Total C/No 90.86 dB.Hz Uplink EIRP for saturation 65.75 dBW General Calculations Up Down Units Elevation 42.31 42.65 degrees True azimuth 200.38 197.36 degrees Compass bearing 211.99 207.86 degrees Path distance to satellite 37604.92 37579.50 km Propagation time delay 0.125436 0.125352 seconds Antenna efficiency 58.00 66.50 % Antenna gain 34.18 59.20 dBi Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Link downtime (average year) 21.915 21.915 hours Availability (worst month) 99.147 99.147 % Link downtime (worst month) 6.234 6.234 hours Spectral power density -57.61 -37.78 dBW/Hz Uplink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Uplink transmit EIRP 45.02 45.02 45.02 dBW Transponder input back-off (total) 5.90 5.90 5.90 dB Input back-off per carrier 20.72 20.72 20.72 dB Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 206.89 206.89 206.89 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.11 0.11 0.11 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.24 0.24 0.24 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Uplink power control 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Uncompensated rain fade 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB C/No (thermal) 70.18 70.18 70.18 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 0.93 0.93 0.93 dB C/ACI 18.03 18.03 18.03 dB C/ASI 16.03 16.03 16.03 dB C/XPI 14.03 14.03 14.03 dB C/IM 25.03 25.03 25.03 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 0.51 0.51 0.51 dB Eb/(No+Io) 6.06 6.06 6.06 dB Downlink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Satellite EIRP total 49.30 49.30 49.30 dBW Transponder output back-off (total) 3.80 3.80 3.80 dB Output back-off per carrier 18.62 18.62 18.62 dB Satellite EIRP per carrier 30.68 30.68 30.68 dBW Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 205.15 205.15 205.15 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.08 0.08 0.08 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.10 0.10 0.10 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 0.00 1.21 dB Noise increase due to precipitation 0.00 0.00 1.97 dB Downlink degradation (DND) 0.00 0.00 3.17 dB Total system noise 105.78 105.78 166.39 K Figure of merit (G/T) 38.16 38.16 36.19 dB/K C/No (thermal) 92.11 92.11 88.93 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 22.86 22.86 19.69 dB C/ACI 20.13 20.13 20.13 dB C/ASI 18.13 18.13 18.13 dB C/XPI 16.13 16.13 16.13 dB

C/IM 11.13 11.13 11.13 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 8.80 8.80 8.62 dB Eb/(No+Io) 14.36 14.36 14.18 dB Totals per Carrier (End-to-End) Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units C/No (thermal) 70.15 70.15 70.12 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 0.91 0.91 0.88 dB C/ACI 15.95 15.95 15.95 dB C/ASI 13.95 13.95 13.95 dB C/XPI 11.95 11.95 11.95 dB C/IM 10.96 10.96 10.96 dB C/(No+Io) 69.15 69.15 69.13 dB.Hz C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] -0.09 -0.09 -0.12 dB Eb/(No+Io) 5.46 5.46 5.44 dB System margin 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Net Eb/(No+Io) 5.46 5.46 5.44 dB Required Eb/(No+Io) 4.00 4.00 4.00 dB Excess margin 1.46 1.46 1.44 dB Earth Station Power Requirements Value Units EIRP per carrier 45.02 dBW Antenna gain 34.18 dBi Antenna feed flange power per carrier 10.84 dBW Uplink power control 0.00 dB HPA output back off 1.00 dB Waveguide loss 0.2 dB Filter truncation loss 0 dB Number of HPA carriers 1 Total HPA power required 12.0412 dBW Required HPA power capability 16.0000 W Spectral power density (feed flange) -57.61 dBW/Hz Space Segment Utilization Value Units Overall link availability 99.501 % Information rate (inc overhead) 2.3400 Mbps Transmit rate 3.5100 Mbps Symbol rate 7.0034 Mbaud Noise Bandwidth 69.24 dB.Hz Occupied bandwidth 8.4040 MHz Minimum allocated bandwidth required 8.4040 MHz Allocated transponder bandwidth 8.4050 MHz Percentage transponder bandwidth used 23.35 % Used transponder power 30.68 dBW Percentage transponder power used 3.29 % Max carriers by transponder bandwidth 4.28 Max carriers by transponder power 30.36 Max transponder carriers limited by:- Bandwidth [4.28] Power equivalent bandwidth usage 1.1857 MHz

Link Budget Produced using Satmaster+ Wednesday 5 October 2011 Service Name FWD Tachyon Airborne H2 Coverage Delaware Uplink earth station Hagerstown, USA-MD Downlink earth station Middletown, USA-DE Satellite name H2 Link Input Parameters Up Down Units Site latitude 39.65N 39.45N degrees Site longitude 77.72W 75.72W degrees Site altitude 0 4 km Frequency 14.031 11.48125 GHz Polarization Horizontal Vertical Rain model ITU (43.3) ITU (47.3) (mm/h or zone) Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Antenna aperture 11 0.457 metres Antenna efficiency or gain (+ or - prefix) 66.5 58 % or dBi Coupling loss 0.3 0.2 dB Antenna mispoint loss 0.5 0.5 dB Ionospheric losses 0 0 dB LNB noise figure or temp (+ prefix) 0.7 dB or K Antenna noise AUTO K Csat/ACIo 108 108 dB.Hz Csat/ASIo 106.00 106.00 dBW.Hz Csat/XPIo 104 104 dB.Hz Uplink station HPA output back-off 0.5 dB Number of carriers / HPA 1 HPA Csat/IMo 115 dB.Hz Uplink power control 0 dB Uplink filter truncation loss 0 dB Required HPA power capability MIN W Satellite Input Parameters Value Units Satellite longitude 74.05W degrees Transponder type TWTA G/T Reference 6.1 dB/K SFD Reference -92 dBW/m2 Receive G/T 6.1 dB/K Attenuator pad (gain step) 0 dB Effective SFD -92.00 dBW/m2 Satellite ALC 0 dB EIRP (saturation) 52.5 dBW Transponder bandwidth 72 MHz Input back off total 6.1 dB Output back off total 4.0 dB Number of transponder carriers AUTO Carrier/Link Input Parameters Value Units Modulation BPSK Required bit error rate performance 10^-7 Required Eb/No without FEC coding 11.31 dB Required Eb/No with FEC coding 4.3 dB Information rate 1.024 Mbps Overhead 10 % FEC code rate 0.793 Spreading gain 0 dB Reed Solomon code 1 (1 + Roll off factor) 1.2 Carrier spacing factor 1.2 Bandwidth allocation step size 0.001 MHz

System margin 0 dB Calculations at Saturation Value Units Gain 1m^2 44.40 dB/m2 Uplink C/No 98.30 dB.Hz Downlink C/No 87.11 dB.Hz Total C/No 86.80 dB.Hz Uplink EIRP for saturation 71.15 dBW General Calculations Up Down Units Elevation 43.97 44.32 degrees True azimuth 174.26 177.37 degrees Compass bearing 184.76 188.98 degrees Path distance to satellite 37484.25 37459.32 km Propagation time delay 0.125034 0.124951 seconds Antenna efficiency 66.50 58.00 % Antenna gain 62.40 32.44 dBi Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Link downtime (average year) 21.915 21.915 hours Availability (worst month) 99.147 99.147 % Link downtime (worst month) 6.234 6.234 hours Spectral power density -74.08 -28.23 dBW/Hz Uplink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Uplink transmit EIRP 49.85 49.85 49.85 dBW Transponder input back-off (total) 6.10 6.10 6.10 dB Input back-off per carrier 21.31 23.26 21.31 dB Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 206.87 206.87 206.87 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.10 0.10 0.10 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.09 0.09 0.09 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 1.95 0.00 dB Uplink power control 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Uncompensated rain fade 0.00 1.95 0.00 dB C/No (thermal) 76.99 75.04 76.99 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 14.68 12.73 14.68 dB C/ACI 24.38 22.43 24.38 dB C/ASI 22.38 20.43 22.38 dB C/XPI 20.38 18.43 20.38 dB C/IM 31.38 29.43 31.38 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 12.73 10.77 12.73 dB Eb/(No+Io) 14.52 12.57 14.52 dB Downlink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Satellite EIRP total 52.50 52.50 52.50 dBW Transponder output back-off (total) 4.00 4.00 4.00 dB Output back-off per carrier 19.21 21.16 19.21 dB Satellite EIRP per carrier 33.29 31.34 33.29 dBW Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 205.12 205.12 205.12 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.08 0.08 0.08 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.21 0.21 0.21 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Noise increase due to precipitation 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Downlink degradation (DND) 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Total system noise 107.59 107.59 107.59 K Figure of merit (G/T) 11.42 11.42 11.42 dB/K C/No (thermal) 67.91 65.96 67.91 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 5.59 3.64 5.59 dB C/ACI 26.48 24.53 26.48 dB C/ASI 24.48 22.53 24.48 dB C/XPI 22.48 20.53 22.48 dB

C/IM 17.48 15.53 17.48 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 5.15 3.20 5.15 dB Eb/(No+Io) 6.95 5.00 6.95 dB Totals per Carrier (End-to-End) Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units C/No (thermal) 67.40 65.45 67.40 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 5.08 3.13 5.08 dB C/ACI 22.29 20.34 22.29 dB C/ASI 20.29 18.34 20.29 dB C/XPI 18.29 16.34 18.29 dB C/IM 17.30 15.35 17.30 dB C/(No+Io) 66.77 64.82 66.77 dB.Hz C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 4.45 2.50 4.45 dB Eb/(No+Io) 6.25 4.30 6.25 dB System margin 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Net Eb/(No+Io) 6.25 4.30 6.25 dB Required Eb/(No+Io) 4.30 4.30 4.30 dB Excess margin 1.95 0.00 1.95 dB Earth Station Power Requirements Value Units EIRP per carrier 49.85 dBW Antenna gain 62.40 dBi Antenna feed flange power per carrier -12.56 dBW Uplink power control 0.00 dB HPA output back off 0.50 dB Waveguide loss 0.3 dB Filter truncation loss 0 dB Number of HPA carriers 1 Total HPA power required -11.7587 dBW Required HPA power capability 0.0667 W Spectral power density (feed flange) -74.08 dBW/Hz Space Segment Utilization Value Units Overall link availability 99.501 % Information rate (inc overhead) 1.1264 Mbps Transmit rate 1.4204 Mbps Symbol rate 1.4204 Mbaud Noise Bandwidth 62.32 dB.Hz Occupied bandwidth 1.7045 MHz Minimum allocated bandwidth required 1.7045 MHz Allocated transponder bandwidth 1.7050 MHz Percentage transponder bandwidth used 2.37 % Used transponder power 33.29 dBW Percentage transponder power used 3.01 % Max carriers by transponder bandwidth 42.23 Max carriers by transponder power 33.17 Max transponder carriers limited by:- Power [33.17] Power equivalent bandwidth usage 2.1706 MHz

Link Budget Produced using Satmaster+ Tuesday 4 October 2011 Service Name Tachyon Airborne Coverage Delaware Uplink earth station Middletown, USA-DE Downlink earth station Hagerstown, USA-MD Satellite name H2 Link Input Parameters Up Down Units Site latitude 39.45N 39.65N degrees Site longitude 75.72W 77.72W degrees Site altitude 4 2 km Frequency 14.031 11.48125 GHz Polarization Vertical Horizontal Rain model ITU (47.3) ITU (43.3) (mm/h or zone) Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Antenna aperture 0.457 11 metres Antenna efficiency or gain (+ or - prefix) 58 66.5 % or dBi Coupling loss 0.2 0.3 dB Antenna mispoint loss 0.5 0.5 dB Ionospheric losses 0 0 dB LNB noise figure or temp (+ prefix) 0.7 dB or K Antenna noise AUTO K Csat/ACIo 108 108 dB.Hz Csat/ASIo 106.00 106.00 dBW.Hz Csat/XPIo 104 104 dB.Hz Uplink station HPA output back-off 0.5 dB Number of carriers / HPA 1 HPA Csat/IMo 115 dB.Hz Uplink power control 0 dB Uplink filter truncation loss 0 dB Required HPA power capability 16 W Satellite Input Parameters Value Units Satellite longitude 74.05W degrees Transponder type TWTA G/T Reference 5.6 dB/K SFD Reference -91.5 dBW/m2 Receive G/T 5.6 dB/K Attenuator pad (gain step) 0 dB Effective SFD -91.50 dBW/m2 Satellite ALC 0 dB EIRP (saturation) 53.1 dBW Transponder bandwidth 72 MHz Input back off total 6.1 dB Output back off total 4.0 dB Number of transponder carriers AUTO Carrier/Link Input Parameters Value Units Modulation BPSK Required bit error rate performance 10^-7 Required Eb/No without FEC coding 11.31 dB Required Eb/No with FEC coding 4 dB Information rate 1.8 Mbps Overhead 30 % FEC code rate 2/3 Spreading gain 3 dB Reed Solomon code 1 (1 + Roll off factor) 1.2 Carrier spacing factor 1.2 Bandwidth allocation step size 0.001 MHz

System margin 0 dB Calculations at Saturation Value Units Gain 1m^2 44.40 dB/m2 Uplink C/No 98.30 dB.Hz Downlink C/No 116.03 dB.Hz Total C/No 98.23 dB.Hz Uplink EIRP for saturation 71.80 dBW General Calculations Up Down Units Elevation 44.32 43.97 degrees True azimuth 177.37 174.26 degrees Compass bearing 188.98 184.76 degrees Path distance to satellite 37459.32 37484.25 km Propagation time delay 0.124951 0.125034 seconds Antenna efficiency 58.00 66.50 % Antenna gain 34.18 60.66 dBi Availability (average year) 99.75 99.75 % Link downtime (average year) 21.915 21.915 hours Availability (worst month) 99.147 99.147 % Link downtime (worst month) 6.234 6.234 hours Spectral power density -57.11 -39.53 dBW/Hz Uplink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Uplink transmit EIRP 45.52 45.52 45.52 dBW Transponder input back-off (total) 6.10 6.10 6.10 dB Input back-off per carrier 26.28 26.28 26.28 dB Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 206.86 206.86 206.86 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.10 0.10 0.10 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.23 0.23 0.23 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Uplink power control 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Uncompensated rain fade 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB C/No (thermal) 72.03 72.03 72.03 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 2.78 2.78 2.78 dB C/ACI 12.48 12.48 12.48 dB C/ASI 10.48 10.48 10.48 dB C/XPI 8.48 8.48 8.48 dB C/IM 19.48 19.48 19.48 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 0.83 0.83 0.83 dB Eb/(No+Io) 6.38 6.38 6.38 dB Downlink Calculation Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units Satellite EIRP total 53.10 53.10 53.10 dBW Transponder output back-off (total) 4.00 4.00 4.00 dB Output back-off per carrier 24.18 24.18 24.18 dB Satellite EIRP per carrier 28.92 28.92 28.92 dBW Antenna mispoint 0.50 0.50 0.50 dB Free space loss 205.12 205.12 205.12 dB Atmospheric absorption 0.08 0.08 0.08 dB Tropospheric scintillation fading 0.08 0.08 0.08 dB Ionospheric losses 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Rain attenuation 0.00 0.00 0.71 dB Noise increase due to precipitation 0.00 0.00 1.33 dB Downlink degradation (DND) 0.00 0.00 2.04 dB Total system noise 105.66 105.66 143.50 K Figure of merit (G/T) 39.62 39.62 38.29 dB/K C/No (thermal) 91.86 91.86 89.82 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 22.61 22.61 20.57 dB C/ACI 14.58 14.58 14.58 dB C/ASI 12.58 12.58 12.58 dB C/XPI 10.58 10.58 10.58 dB

C/IM 5.58 5.58 5.58 dB C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] 3.38 3.38 3.34 dB Eb/(No+Io) 8.93 8.93 8.90 dB Totals per Carrier (End-to-End) Clear Rain Up Rain Dn Units C/No (thermal) 71.98 71.98 71.96 dB.Hz C/N (thermal) 2.74 2.74 2.71 dB C/ACI 10.39 10.39 10.39 dB C/ASI 8.39 8.39 8.39 dB C/XPI 6.39 6.39 6.39 dB C/IM 5.41 5.41 5.41 dB C/(No+Io) 68.15 68.15 68.14 dB.Hz C/(N+I) [ = Es/(No+Io) ] -1.09 -1.09 -1.10 dB Eb/(No+Io) 4.46 4.46 4.45 dB System margin 0.00 0.00 0.00 dB Net Eb/(No+Io) 4.46 4.46 4.45 dB Required Eb/(No+Io) 4.00 4.00 4.00 dB Excess margin 0.46 0.46 0.45 dB Earth Station Power Requirements Value Units EIRP per carrier 45.52 dBW Antenna gain 34.18 dBi Antenna feed flange power per carrier 11.34 dBW Uplink power control 0.00 dB HPA output back off 0.50 dB Waveguide loss 0.2 dB Filter truncation loss 0 dB Number of HPA carriers 1 Total HPA power required 12.0412 dBW Required HPA power capability 16.0000 W Spectral power density (feed flange) -57.11 dBW/Hz Space Segment Utilization Value Units Overall link availability 99.501 % Information rate (inc overhead) 2.3400 Mbps Transmit rate 3.5100 Mbps Symbol rate 7.0034 Mbaud Noise Bandwidth 69.24 dB.Hz Occupied bandwidth 8.4040 MHz Minimum allocated bandwidth required 8.4040 MHz Allocated transponder bandwidth 8.4050 MHz Percentage transponder bandwidth used 11.67 % Used transponder power 28.92 dBW Percentage transponder power used 0.96 % Max carriers by transponder bandwidth 8.57 Max carriers by transponder power 104.12 Max transponder carriers limited by:- Bandwidth [8.57] Power equivalent bandwidth usage 0.6915 MHz


Document Created: 2011-10-06 12:08:09
Document Modified: 2011-10-06 12:08:09
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