Question 7 purpose of experiment TDD LTE equipment description

0249-EX-ML-2011 Text Documents

Nokia House

2011-12-02ELS_121258

Nokia Siemens Networks TD-LTE whitepaper

Contents 1 Executive summary 3 2 Gaining global momentum 5 3 Spectrum 6 4 Positioning 7 5 Terminal Ecosystem 8 6 Conclusion 9 2 TD-LTE whitepaper

1 Executive summary The demand for Mobile Broadband is growing rapidly in both mature and emerging markets. Nokia Siemens Networks expects 5 billion people to be connected to the Internet along with a 100-fold traffic increase in networks by 2015. Nokia Siemens Networks’ Mobile Broadband Study 2010 reported a 40% increase in average monthly expenditure on Mobile Broadband in comparison to 2009. Fig 1 indicates that the mobile internet unpaired spectrum as a viable with OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency traffic will increase to 23 Exabytes by complement to the paired spectrum. Division Multiplexing) air interface. LTE 2015, which implies that 6.3 billion The catalyst behind all this is Long and System Architecture Evolution people will be downloading a digital Term Evolution (LTE), which was (SAE) are standardized by 3GPP. LTE book every day. designed to harmonize networks for is the radio part and SAE is the unpaired as well as paired spectrum. network architecture part specifying the The increasing demand is driving LTE is designed for efficiency, Evolved Packet Core, of the LTE/SAE. mobile operators to invest significantly constituting of flat, all-IP architecture in additional frequency spectrum. The operators are increasingly seeing Mobile Internet traffic [ExaByte/year] 25 20 Mobile Internet access Mobile Laptop 15 Mobile Handheld 10 5 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Source: Nokia Siemens Networks 2009 Figure 1 indicates that the mobile internet traffic will increase to 23 Exabytes by 2015, which implies that 6.3 billion people will be downloading a digital book every day. TD-LTE whitepaper 3

The LTE standard supports both the attain a truly global reach. Strong allocations, which have been widely Frequency Division Duplex (for paired commonalities suggest that TD-LTE unused or used with WiMAX or TD- spectrum) and the Time Division can have similar economies of scale SCDMA, were addressed with TD-LTE. Duplex (for unpaired spectrum) mode like FDD- LTE and become an integral of operation. part of LTE ecosystem. Pioneering and spearheading LTE development, Nokia Siemens TDD LTE also known as TD-LTE 2010 will be etched in history as the Networks has made a long-term enables global roaming in an otherwise year, when TD-LTE became a reality commitment to both the Frequency fragmented spectrum landscape. Until and initiated a change in the major Division Duplex (FDD) and the Time recently, TD-LTE was often seen as a paradigms of the Mobile Broadband Division Duplex (TDD) mode of technology for China, India and a few world. Another characteristic of the operations. other countries. However, due to 2010 Mobile Broadband market was its nearly 90% commonality between LTE worldwide convergence around the FDD and TD-LTE coupled with the 3GPP ecosystem, which resulted in light-speed development of the LTE specified for frequency bands to fit unpaired spectrum LTE standard, new into the band plans of all regions. In possibilities are opening up for LTE to particular, the unpaired spectrum 4 TD-LTE whitepaper

2 Gaining global momentum Historically, the world’s mobile industry has not favored TDD technologies due to the voice centric nature of the networks and ample availability of FDD spectrum. TD-LTE is an evolution path for TD- realistic pricing and the ability to deliver Nokia Siemens Networks SCDMA, which is China’s 3G standard. similar performance and coverage to spearheads LTE development and China Mobile was the first operator to the FDD version. commercialization with its I-HSPA flat drive TD-LTE and now the technology architecture innovation enabling a has gained a global momentum with TD-LTE is a future proof technology smooth migration path for operators strong traction towards TDD spectrum. with strong industry support from to LTE. Interest shown by major markets such NGMN (Next Generation Mobile as India, Russia, Japan, and USA has Networks), LSTI (LTE SAE Trial put TD-LTE on every operator’s plan. Initiative) and Terminal, Chipset and infrastructure vendors.TD-SCDMA and Europe’s major operators have TD-LTE are the global 3G and LTE typically deployed FDD networks but standards while the combination of recent trends indicate that operators TD-LTE and LTE FDD serves to are increasingly becoming interested in be the basic foundation for the TDD bands. TD-LTE makes those internationalization of TDD. bands an attractive asset with a more TD-LTE whitepaper 5

3 Spectrum The frequency bands in the world that are likely candidates for LTE deployments are the Cellular, PCS, AWS and Digital Dividend bands. FDD paired spectrum bands are expected to be the most common spectrum blocks. There are spectrum blocks available that could be used in an unpaired approach since TD-LTE is a committed 3GPP standard. Today, TDD spectrum bands allocated in most parts of the world are part of a technology agnostic approach. Many countries throughout the world TD LTE has been standardized in have large chunks of unpaired unused 3GPP Release 8, which was 1.4 MHz spectrum. History also suggests that completed at the end of 2008. 3GPP unpaired spectrum will trade at a much Rel9, which was completed in March 3 MHz lower price per MHz/population than its 2010, provided some minor feature FDD equivalent. Key TDD bands are enhancements to the LTE standard. 5 MHz 2.3GHz and 2.6GHz respectively. LTE evolves with 3GPP Rel10 to LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) in 3GPP Rel10. 10 MHz 3GPP has defined 9 TDD bands for LTE operation (status Oct 2010). Like FDD LTE, TD-LTE also supports a 15 MHz Bands 38, 40 and 41 are becoming scalable bandwidth from 1.4, 3, 5, 10, major global bands. Band 41 is new 15 and 20 MHz. Higher bandwidths will 20 MHz and has been proposed by Clearwire. be required to achieve optimum It was approved by 3GPP in performance with the expected data September 2010 and is to be included traffic growth. Figure 3 Flexible Bandwidth in 3GPP Rel.10 (March 2011). Downlink Band MHz Uplink MHz Region MHz 33 1x20 1900-1920 1900-1920 TDD UMTS core TDD 34 1x15 2010-2025 2010-2025 TDD UMTS core TDD 35 1x60 1850-1910 1850-1910 TDD US (TDD alternative to FDD) 36 1x60 1930-1990 1930-1990 TDD US (TDD alternative to FDD) 37 1x20 1910-1930 1910-1930 TDD US 38 1x50 2570-2620 2570-2620 TDD 2600 TDD part 39 1x40 1880-1920 1880-1920 TDD China UMTS TDD 40 1x100 2300-2400 2300-2400 TDD China TDD 41 1x194 2496-2690 2496-2690 TDD US TDD Figure 2 TDD LTE Bandwidth allocation 6 TD-LTE whitepaper

4 Positioning LTE is the next evolution for mobile networks like GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, CDMA/EVDO and WiMAX to future networks and services. ‘Evolution’ in mobile networks always needs to be under- stood as a longer phase of co-existence of technologies, which eventually ends with a refarming of spectrum bands from one technology to another. LTE is best suited to 3GPP as well as 3GPP2 operators, which makes it a truly global roaming technology. TD-LTE is an evolutionary path for The global potential and the initial to realize the full benefit of LTE. SAE TD-SCDMA, WiMAX networks and definition of higher-frequency bands provides a flat, fully IP based network for operators, who have available also made TD-LTE the ideal capacity architecture, consisting of only one unpaired spectrum. It also takes care option for Communication service node in the user plane of the Core of issues like interworking, co- providers with LTE FDD deployments. network, thus guaranteeing optimal existence and roaming between This additional capacity is sought scalability and reduced cost per bit. different technologies. TD-LTE also mostly in urban areas, where several Since a circuit switched network is not helps WiMAX operators in availing an base station sites exist. Reuse of available anymore, the voice services excellent opportunity to join the large sites and equipment on large TD-LTE will be supported as VoIP. 3GPP ecosystem, and leverage frequency allocations allow cost- benefits of highest economies of scale, efficient provision of excellent end-user Nokia Siemens Networks is committed roaming and network sharing. The shift data rates. Moreover, it relieves the towards providing a smooth from TD-SCDMA and WiMAX to TD- threat of congestion on the FDD band. evolutionary path to every operator’s LTE will be a gradual process, thereby, The System Architecture Evolution installed base networks. (Please refer making it important for the two (SAE) is required in the core network to figure 5) technologies to co-exist with each architecture (defined by 3GPP) in order other. Unused Unpaired LTE FDD Spectrum >90% harmonized in 3GPP LTE-A WiMAX TD-LTE TD-SCDMA >300 MHz of unpaired (China Mobile) spectrum defined in 3GPP Figure 4 Harmonization of LTE FDD and TD-LTE GSM/WCDMA Enabling flat broadband architecture handset base LTE I-HSPA WCDMA/ HSPA GSM/ TD-SCDMA WIMAX (E)GPRS CDMA Figure 5 The Evolution of existing networks to LTE TD-LTE whitepaper 7

5 Terminal ecosystem Several leading vendors are actively developing terminals with TD-LTE capabilities. There have also been several announcements from chipset and platform vendors about the upcoming availabil- ity of multi-mode LTE (FDD and TDD) offerings. Commercial-scale shipments of such devices are expected to be in sync with operators' commercial service roll-out requirements. Nokia Siemens Networks has recently started the ‘TD-LTE Open Labs’ facilities in Hangzhou to foster and acceler- ate these developments. The vendors can participate in an end-to-end testing in these open labs and validate their solutions before providing them to the operators. 8 TD-LTE whitepaper

6 Conclusion With large amount of globally available unpaired spectrum and growing capacity demands, TD-LTE has gained a lot of traction worldwide coupled with strong commitment from leading operators. Nokia Siemens Networks is a clear Mobile Broadband presence and rich Nokia Siemens Networks being fully leader in making TD-LTE a part of the experience to enable a widespread committed has made significant commercial Mobile Broadband reality ecosystem for LTE. We address the contributions to the development of and helping operators around the globe network transformation challenges and TD-LTE and will continue to lead the to address new Mobile Broadband opportunities most efficiently by offering industry. opportunities even on an unpaired common platforms and leading all-IP spectrum. With our unique holistic capabilities. Nokia Siemens Networks’ approach, we are leveraging our global Single RAN platform has set a new standard for the next generation mobile networks. TD-LTE whitepaper 9

Nokia Siemens Networks Corporation P.O. Box 1 FI-02022 NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS Finland Visiting address: Karaportti 3, ESPOO, Finland Switchboard +358 71 400 4000 (Finland) Switchboard +49 89 5159 01 (Germany) PRODUCT CODE: C401-00670-WP-201011-1-EN Copyright © 2010 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. Nokia Siemens Networks and the wave logo are registered trademarks of Nokia Siemens Networks. Other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks or trade names of their respective owners. Products and solutions herein are subject to change without notice. www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com


Document Created: 2010-11-16 23:06:41
Document Modified: 2010-11-16 23:06:41
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