Nina Beety Informal Objection 17

0747-EX-PL-2015 Informal Objections

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2016-01-13ELS_171442

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Increasing incidence of burnout due to magnetic and electromagnetic fields of cell phone networks and other wireless communication technologies Ulrich Warnke and Peter Hensinger Burnout syndrome (BOS) is a psychosomatic stress disorder. Exogenous stress leads to oxida- tive cellular stress, the formation of excessive reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen spe- cies, and reaction products (ROS/RNS). This then leads to mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction, which results in a lack of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and subsequently in a diminished perfor- mance of cells. Lack of ATP is a crucial factor in BOS, as well as in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). A crucial element in the multisystem disease BOS is inflammation as a consequence of nitrosative and oxidative stress, as well as the acquired mitochondriopathy. Weak ambient mag- netic fields (e.g. from transformers in devices) and various radio-frequency resonances increase the level of free radicals and their reaction products that have toxic effects. The nonionizing radi- ation of cell phone networks and other wireless communication technologies (cell towers, cell phones, Wi-Fi, etc.) also leads to cell stress. There is a correlation between the stress trigger due to living conditions, magnetic fields, and RF radiation of cell phone networks and other wireless communication technologies. The affected person will suffer from functional impairment and dis- eases; and if these are hereditary, they will be passed on to the next generation as a pre-existing defect, as is the case with e.g. “acquired energy dyssymbiosis syndrome" (AEDS). Keywords: burnout, electromagnetic fields, mobile telephony, RF radiation, stress, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), chronic inflammation, chronic multisystem illness (CMI), acquired energy dyssymbiosis syndrome (AEDS) Transla on: By Katharina Gustavs and authorized by the author and publisher. Original publica on: WARNKE U; HENSINGER P (2013): Steigende „Burn-out“-Inzidenz durch technisch erzeugte magne sche und elektromagne sche Felder des Mobil- und Kommunika onsfunks; umwelt-medizin-gesellscha6, 26(1): 31-38. ———————— Increase in chronic 2009) Burnout belongs to the chronic disorders (GEUENICH & HAGEMANN 2012) with increasing prevalence within the multisystem diseases group of the so-called chronic mul system illnesses (CMI) (see Fig. 1). Condi ons with diffuse symptomatology include: In medical history, the defini on of general fa gue, depres- siveness, and avoli on as a pathological condi on is dis- cussed against the backdrop of societal developments; in the • MCS (mul ple chemical sensi vity), past, they were referred to as melancholia, vapors, neuras- • CFS (chronic fa gue syndrome), thenia, and depression (EHRENBURG 2009) and today as • BOS (burnout syndrome), burnout syndrome. Stress always plays a central role in these • PTSD (post-trauma c stress disorder), condi ons. Benkert offers a mely defini on: “The burnout • Fibromyalgia syndrome. syndrome is a specific result of con nuous stress.” (BENKERT umwelt·medizin·gesellschaft | 26 | 1/2013 31

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS The prevalence of chronic mul system illnesses is es mated Zusammenfassung to comprise at least 25% of the popula on in western indus- Steigende „Burn-out“-Inzidenz durch technisch erzeugte trial countries - with an increasing trend. For CFS alone, a magne sche und elektromagne sche Felder des Mobil- prevalence of 522 cases per 100,000 in females and 291 per und Kommunika onsfunks 100,000 in males is given for the U.S. (AACFS 2003). Accord- ing to a study of the University of Chicago, the prevalence of Das Burn-Out-Syndrom (BOS) ist eine psychosoma sche CFS thus easily exceeds those of HIV infec ons Stresserkrankung. Exogener Stress führt zu Oxida vem Zell- (125/100,000), lung cancer (43/100,000), or breast cancer stress, einer übermäßigen Entstehung von Freien Sauerstoff (26/100.000)(JASON et al. 1999). -Radikalen, S ckstoff-Radikalen und Folgeprodukten (ROS / RNS). Dadurch entstehen mitochondriale Stoffwech- The pathogenesis of CMI syndromes and all other CMI- selstörungen, die zu einem Mangel an ATP (Adenosin- associated illnesses involves free radicals and inflammatory triphosphat) und in der Folge zur verminderten Leistungsfä- events of the immune system. higkeit der Zellen führen. ATP-Mangel ist ein wesentlicher Faktor beim BOS als auch beim Chronic Fa gue Syndrom (CFS). Ein zentrales Element der Mul systemerkrankung BOS sind die Entzündung (Inflamma on) als Folge von nit- rosa vem und oxida vem Stress so wie die erworbene Mi- ——– Special focus: oxidative stress tochondropathie. The crucial role of oxida ve stress is generally known and Aus der Umgebung stammende schwache MagneRelder scien fically acknowledged: (z.B. Gerätetransformatoren) und diverse Hochfrequenz- schwingungen erhöhen die Ausbeute von Freien Radikalen “Cell processes require redox homeostasis, which must be und toxisch wirkenden Folgeprodukten. Die nich onisieren- maintained by a mul tude of an oxidant enzymes... When de Strahlung der Mobil- und Kommunika onsfunktechnolo- the organism’s homeosta c balance is pped in favor of oxi- gie (Mobilfunkmasten, Handys, WLAN u.a.) führt ebenso zu da ve processes, we speak of oxida ve stress. Oxida ve Zellstress. Es besteht eine Wechselwirkung zwischen der stress is associated, among others, with the aging of cells. Stressauslösung durch Lebensumstände, MagneRelder und Furthermore, a severe accumula on of reac ve oxygen spe- Mobil- und Kommunika onsfunkstrahlung. Der Mensch cies (ROS) with a simultaneous decrease in the level of the leidet an Funk onsstörungen und Krankheiten und - soweit body’s own an oxidant glutathione is considered a known sie vererbbar sind - gibt er sie als Vorschädigungen an die cause of acute and chronic degenera ve diseases such as nächsten Genera onen weiter, wie z.B. beim ,Aquired Ener- stroke, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and gy Dyssymbiosis Syndrom' (AEDS). Parkinson’s disease” (HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM 2008). The Rob- ert Koch Ins tute confirmed these rela onships (RKI 2008). Schlüsselwörter: Burn-out, Elektromagne sche Felder, Mo- bilfunk, Stress, Chronic Fa gue Syndrome (CFS), chronische In persons with burnout syndrome, changes can be observed Entzündung, chronische Mul systemerkrankung (CMI), in the following cell func ons, among others (BAUR 2012, Acquired Energy Dyssymbiosis Syndrom (AEDS) BIEGER 2012, MÜLLER 2012, VON BAEHR 2012): • Oxida ve cell stress (ROS), chronic inflamma on, and nitric oxide forma on result in an increased forma on of peroxynitrite; • Lower levels of the body’s own an oxidants, especial- ly superoxide dismutase (SOD2); • Decrease in ATP produc on and diminished energy supply through mitochondria; • Disrup on of the neuroendocrine stress axis, slowing down of the catabolism of catecholamines, and modu- la ng effects on the neuroendocrine immune system. Beside mental stress, environmental stressors, including EMF (electromagne c fields, see Fig. 2), are discussed as triggers. Both mental stress as well as environmental stressors lead to Fig.1: Burnout: the number of diagnoses rises rapidly cell stress (= oxida ve stress); the interac ons provide a (WIDO 2012, AOK = General German health insurance) model to explain the increasing incidence of burnout. umwelt·medizin·gesellschaft | 26 | 1/2013 32

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ———— Parallels between biological stress symptoms and adverse biological effects of RF radiation Why do we need to worry that these phenomena of general loss of performance also may have a causal rela onship, among others, with the ubiquitous cell phone and wireless networks? The “digi za on of our world” means that, since ca. 1998, our cells have been exposed to a con nually in- creasing level of nonionizing radia on to which they have not adapted. There is a rela onship between triggers of stress due to living condi ons and RF radia on. Research results regarding the effects of nonionizing radia on on cells show similar effect mechanisms as the burnout research in envi- ronmental medicine (see Fig. 3). Radio-frequency electromagne c fields (RF-EMF) interfere Fig.2: Pathogenesis of inflamma on, mitochondriopathy, with cell processes: and nitrosa ve stress as a result of the exposure to trigger factors (VON BAEHR 2012) • RF-EMFs produce excessive cell-damaging free radi- The statements by those in power (poli cians, network pro- cals and strongly reac ve oxygen and nitrogen spe- viders, “experts“) have remained the same for years: cies, which in turn can damage the DNA (see below). “According to the current body of scien fic knowledge, there • The body’s own defense in the form of endogenous is no risk to human health below the exposure guidelines.” In radical scavengers (an oxidants) is weakened by RF- Germany, the exposure limits of the 26th Ordinance Imple- EMFs (see below). men ng the Federal Immission Control Act apply. And the • The repair of DNA damage is impaired (BELYAEV et al. authori es keep repea ng the same statements, assuring the 2005). public that, based on current knowledge, cell phone radia- on is safe. Those findings that do show effects would not be • RF-EMFs interfere with the center of our metabolism, reproducible. People who refer to themselves as electrosen- the mitochondria, and thus interfere with our energy si ve are labeled as experiencing a nocebo response or produc on: ATP produc on is inhibited (SANDERS et suffering from a mental illness. And the spurious argument al. 1980, 1984, 1985). that there is no effect mechanism that would explain a risk • The decrease in ATP produc on debilitates the en re also keeps coming up. The quantum energy of the radia on, system. it is said, is far too low; it is several orders of magnitude be- • The exposure to RF radia on triggers a downward low the thermal noise level, which is why it would not have spiral of disease. RF-EMFs accelerate toxic cascades. the power to impair or damage living organisms. Normally one would expect that the biological response to weak and very weak magne c fields and RF radia on of cell “The clinical picture of AEDS or acquired energy dyssymbiosis phone and other wireless communica on technologies syndrome … describes a deficiency in cell energy with a simul- would be masked by the - stronger quantum -thermal noise taneous deteriora on of the cell milieu. This leads to mito- inside the human body. Because at temperatures between chondriopathy. Energy produc on is blocked; the power 20 °C and 40 °C, as occur in the human body, molecules and plants of the cell are transformed into efficient sources of free their components are in constant random mo on. A signal radicals.” (WARNKE 2007) with lower energy then that cannot change this mo on in any meaningful way. Adverse effects could therefore not exist as long as the allegedly damaging fields are lost in this ———— Unnatural environment and random noise and an increase in temperature can be pre- vented. And this is what current exposure limits guarantee, little protection and all worldwide experts in poli cs and industry adopt this argumenta on from one another. All living organisms, especially those living in the atmos- Yet disastrously, it is exactly this central point of their pla- phere, are immersed in ever-growing layers of radio- ca ng argument that is false. There is not only a conceivable frequency radia on as well as electric and magne c fields. but even a completely plausible effect mechanism, which is Satellites show that the highest level of radia on of technical able to explain DNA damage and all other described symp- origin is found across Europe; the U.S. and China are some- toms for such low-energy, nonthermal fields, and this com- what less exposed (LIGHT et al. 2001). pletely independent of an increase in temperature. It is the umwelt·medizin·gesellschaft | 26 | 1/2013 33

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS produc on of free radicals through nonionizing radia on of wireless networks, which provokes the destruc on of body cells and genes. Then what is the ra onale for how electromagne c fields of cell phone and other wireless communica on technologies generate disease? Fact #1: Never before has the Earth’s atmosphere been satu- rated with so many electric and magne c fields and nonstop electromagne c radia on of technical origin, and this radia- on exposure con nues to increase. Fact #2: Inflamma on triggered by oxida ve stress and its resul ng cardiovascular diseases (e.g. infarct, arteriosclero- sis, etc.) are the number one cause of death in industrial countries, closely followed by tumors (see Fig. 4). Alzhei- mer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, amyotrophic Fig.3: Summary of effects on the cellular level caused by lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others, show an increasing electromagne c fields (GYE & PARK 2012) trend. EMF: electromagne c field; N: nucleus; ER: endoplasma c re culum; M: mitochondria Ques on: Does a causal rela onship beyond the presently known risk factors exist? da on and interfering with an oxidase ac vi es. This al- ready occurred in adult male volunteers while the cell phone Numerous consistent scien fic findings show that the radia- was s ll in standby mode in their coat pocket. Plasma lipid on of cell phone and other wireless communica on tech- peroxide levels increased significantly a6er 1, 2, and 4 hours nologies can produce addi onal ROS/RNS in living organisms; in standby mode. The ac vity of the radical scavengers SOD this can occur in the presence of both ELF magne c fields as and GSH-Px in human erythrocytes had decreased. It says in well as RF electromagne c fields. The energy of these fields the abstract: that can trigger effects is several orders of magnitude below the average thermal noise level (FRIEDMAN et al. 2007). “These results indicate that acute exposure to radiofrequency fields of commercially available cellular phones may modu- late the oxida ve stress of free radicals by enhancing lipid peroxida on and reducing the ac va on of superoxide dis- ———— RF-radiation-induced increase mutase and total glutathione peroxidase, which are free radi- cal scavengers. Therefore, these results support the interac- in free radicals: nitric oxide (NO) on of radiofrequency fields of cellular phones with biological and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) systems.” (MOUSTAFA et al. 2001, summary EMF-Portal). Cell phone radia on at 900 MHz induced increased nitric A human blood platelet suspension was exposed to 900 MHz oxide or NO levels in rat brains. Malondialdehyde (MDA) cell phone radia on for 1, 3, 5, and 7 minutes. A6er 1, 5, and levels, xanthine oxidase (XO) ac vity, und adenosine deami- 7 minutes, the malonaldehyde (MDA) level increased and at nase (ADA) ac vity were also increased. At the same me, the same me the SOD ac vity decreased. At 3 minutes, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase ac vity levels were temporarily reversed (STOPCZYK et al. (GSH-Px) ac vi es decreased in the brain. These unfavorable 2002). The 930 MHz cell phone radia on only increased the changes could be prevented through appropriate doses of reac ve oxygen species (ROS) level in rat lymphocytes when ginkgo biloba extract as an an oxidant (ILHAN et al. 2004; for the cells were treated with iron ions (ZMYSLONY et al. 2004). similar results also see OZGÜNER et al. 2005, 2006, PAREDI et A study by the Department of Environmental and Radiologi- al. 2001, YARIKTAS et al. 2005). cal Health Sciences, USA, found that melatonin levels - an effec ve an oxidant - decreased considerably with cell phone calls of longer than 25 minutes (BURCH et al. 2002). The cell phone radia on increased the malondialdehyde ——— RF-radiation-induced increase (MDA) concentra on in rat brains, but not phospholipids and in reactive oxygen species (ROS) p53 immune reac ons (DASDAG et al. 2004, 2009). Numerous single studies demonstrate the produc on of oxi- da ve stress through nonionizing radia on. The study by RF radia on at 1800 MHz causes damage to the mtDNA. This MOUSTAFA et al. 2001 showed that cell phone radia on at research project was financed by the Chinese government. In 900 MHz produces oxida ve stress by increasing lipid peroxi- this project, DNA damage in mitochondria of rat cor cal neu- umwelt·medizin·gesellschaft | 26 | 1/2013 34

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS rons was demonstrated, which had been induced by cell phone radia on with a pulse of 217 Hz. The 1800 MHz RF radia on caused the oxida ve damage through the for- ma on of reac ve oxygen species (ROS), which are implicat- ed in various nervous system diseases (XU et al. 2009). Addi onal research findings confirm that RF-EMF causes oxi- da ve stress, and that at power density levels well below the exposure limits (ATASOY et al. 2012, AYATA et al. 2004, AY- DIN & AKAR 2011, CAMPISI et al. 2010, CEYHAN et al. 2012, ELHAG et al. 2007, ESKEMAYA et al. 2011, GULER et al. 2010, GUMRAL et al. 2009, GUNEY et al. 2007, KESARI et al. 2010, 2011, 2012, KIHRAZOVA et al. 2012, KOYU et al 2005, LU et al. 2012, OKTEM et al. 2005, OZGUR et al. 2010, SOKOLOVIC et al. 2008, YAO et al. 2008, YUREKLI et al. 2006). See also the summary paper by Desai et al., in which a detailed effect mechanism is outlined (DESAI et al. 2009). Fig.4: Graph of possible combina on effects, which can re- sult in addi ve and synergis c DNA damage, also including electromagne c fields (WITTE 2012) —— Effects on the endocrine system Severe pathological deteriora on manifests itself when, An increasing number of research findings demonstrate the due to magne c field and radio-frequency radia on expo- effect of cell phone radia on on the stress hormone axis. sure, addi onal reac ve oxygen species (ROS) such as su- Several studies indicate effects on the endocrine system peroxide radical and hydrogen peroxide are produced that (AUGNER et al. 2010, BUCHNER & EGER 2011, DJERIDANE et combine with the also increasingly produced NO to form al. 2008, ESME-KAYA et al. 2010, MEO et al. 2010, MISA the highly toxic peroxynitrite, which in turn reacts with hy- AGUSTINO et al. 2012, SAROOKHANI et al. 2011, SEYEDNOUR drogen to form even more hydrogen peroxide (see Fig.4). & CHEKANIAZAR 2011, VANGELOVA & ISRAEL 2005). A sys- The agreement between the cascade triggered by magne c tema c review of this topic is s ll missing. field and RF radia on exposures and the findings of the burn- out research is obvious. Müller writes in his ar cle Fa gue from the Perspec ve of Clinical Environmental Medicine: ———— Electron transport enzymes “The situa on becomes especially cri cal when, under the are magnetosensitive influence of environmental toxic agents and / or an increased forma on of peroxynitrite, the func oning of the mitochon- dria is impaired. They have the task of making the energy The s mula on of free radicals including NO by physical carrier molecules adenine triphosphate (ATP).There is much fields and radia on has been reliably validated by science. to suggest that the func onal impairment of the mitochon- This alone, however, does not prove the existence of damage dria is equivalent to the disease pa:ern called burnout, as along as the primary effect mechanism is not known. A whereas the prolonged damage to mitochondrial DNA induc- connec ng link that explains the adverse effect was shown es chronic fa gue.” (MÜLLER 2012) by Friedman et al.. The enzyme NADH oxidase shows a high - and en rely reproducible - sensi vity to magne c and elec- As early as 1985, the study by Sanders and colleagues tromagne c fields of cell phones. Friedman et al. found that showed a decrease in ATP produc on due to weak RF radia- exposing rat cells to RF-EMF caused an immediate ac va on on exposure (nonthermal effect): “Since brain temperature of the enzyme NADH oxidase, which resulted in an increased did not increase, the microwave-induced increase in NADH produc on of free radicals. And the study also offers an and decrease in ATP and CP concentra ons was not due to effect mechanism: “This study delineates a detailed molecu- hyperthermia. This suggests a direct interac on mechanism. lar mechanism by which electromagne c fields at mobile It is consistent with the hypothesis of microwave inhibi on of phone frequency induces short-term MAPK ac va on and mitochondrial electron transport chain func on of ATP pro- thereby transcrip on and other cellular processes. … The first duc on.” (SANDERS et al. 1985, according to EMF-Portal). step is mediated in the plasma membrane by NADH oxidase, Both approaches (cell phone research, burnout research) which rapidly generates reac ve oxygen species.” (FRIEDMAN suggest that the mitochondrial dysfunc on is a result of dam- et al. 2007, according to EMF-Portal) age to the mitochondrial func on complexes caused by ROS/ RNS: “Mitochondriopathies lead to progressive inac va on of NADH oxidase is quite important in another respect. It is also the respiratory chain and other mitochondrial func ons, and found in the cell nucleus where - depending on the redox in turn to severe neuropathies, encephalopathies, cardio-/ system - it can regulate gene expression, but also damage myopathies, and endocrinopathies.” (BIEGER 2012). genes (USHIO-FUKAI 2006). umwelt·medizin·gesellschaft | 26 | 1/2013 35

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ——————— Extending the lifetime Inflammatory processes spread and release addi onal sub- stances that have adverse effects (tumor necro c factor of free radicals TNFa and again nitric oxide) at excessive levels. We should This pathological cascade is enhanced by EMFs because even always bear in mind that in our industrial society inflamma- rather low magne c field intensi es affect chemical reac ons on-based illnesses con nue to increase and that arterioscle- and extend the life me of free radicals (BROCKLEHURST & rosis such as myocardial infarc on - the number one cause of MCLAUCHLAN 1996, NEITZKE 2012, WARNKE 2009). The death - is basically one of them. Today this view has gained model of Scaiano et al. demonstrates that in the presence of acceptance among the scien sts of the medical community. a magne c field the radical concentra on increases. The half- Aerobic glycolysis (glycolysis despite the presence of oxygen) life of free radicals is extended (SCAIANO et al. 1994). The is ac vated as an emergency power generator, which in turn possibili es for radical reac ons to occur have thus in- is associated with: creased. Within a magne c field, the life me of free radicals is extended in such a way that the electron transfer within • S mula on of proto-oncogenes (precursors of onco- the DNA can be affected, which in turn also changes the pro- genes) tein induc on (MOHTAT et al.1998). Magne c fields extend • Increased release of superoxide radicals the life me of free radicals by impairing the intersystem crossing in triplet radicals (CHIGNELL & SIK 1995, WARNKE • Lactate acidosis (hyperacidosis). 2009). Eventually the genome of the mitochondria will mutate. But exactly this pathological change can also be inherited from Regarding the ques on of health problems and risks the mother. The offspring will have to carry the burden, and The effect mechanism documented by Friedman et al. (2007) the change becomes integrated into the gene c material of is of such utmost importance because it shows that there is a genera ons to come. well-explained biological basis for the subjec ve symptoms many people suffer from. By studying the cascades listed This is the disease state of a growing number of people with- below, it is easier to understand why electrosmog is danger- in our polluted environment. It can manifest itself as burnout ous. syndrome or electromagne c hypersensi vity. This patholog- ical cascade reveals that the nonionizing radia on of wireless communica on technologies does not directly cause damage —————— Functional impairments to cells like ionizing radia on does, but it triggers many dis- eases based on oxida ve stress through an indirect pathway and disease patterns by producing free radicals, and thus can cause burnout syn- drome or exacerbate it. EMF-induced excessive ROS/RNS s mula on can be divided into three areas of effects, which are run through one a6er H.-P. Neitzke (ECOLOG-Ins tut) states: “With the current and another: soon to be available technology, it will not be possible to real- ize the AACC visions of “Any me, Anywhere Communica on • S mula on of free radicals, and Compu ng” in a manner that is compa ble with human • S mula on of highly toxic peroxynitrite, health.” (NEITZKE 2010, EMF-Monitor 6/2010) • S mula on of highly toxic peroxide radical. (Note: A comprehensive version of this ar cle is published in German as a research report by the Kompetenzini a ve e.V. The consequences of these processes are serious: cell com- and Diagnose-Funk e.V.. Available as a free download at: ponents are destroyed; an oxidants taken up with food and www.kompetenzini a ve.net & www.mobilfunkstudien.de) the electron-rich substances manufactured by the body are used up; the damaging cholesterol increases. Such a person feels red, tense, fights various inflamma ons and a broad Contact: range of associated illnesses, which show similari es to the Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Warnke burnout syndrome. Ins tut Technische Biologie & Bionik c/o Interna onales Bionikzentrum Science Park 2 an Universität des Saarlandes ————————— Acquired energy 66123 Saarbrücken dyssymbiosis syndrome (AEDS) Peter Hensinger, Diagnose-Funk e.V. The clinical picture of AEDS or acquired energy dyssymbiosis Umwelt- und Verbraucherorganisa on syndrome describes a deficiency in cell energy with a simul- zum Schutz vor elektromagne scher Strahlung taneous deteriora on of the cell milieu. This leads to mito- Bismarckstr. 63 chondriopathy. Energy produc on (ATP) is blocked; the pow- 70197 Stu_gart er plants of the cell are transformed into efficient sources of peter.hensinger@diagnose-funk.de free radicals. These changes have serious consequences: www.diagnose-funk.de | www.mobilfunkstudien.de umwelt·medizin·gesellschaft | 26 | 1/2013 36

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