Presentation

6001-EX-RR-1998 Text Documents

DIVERSIFIED COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, INC.

2003-11-12ELS_63847

Northpoint Technology Presentation to the Federal Communications Commussion Carmen Tawil Bob Combs May 12, 1998

Outline e Northpoint Technology is Different than Microwave Point—to—point * Sharing with DBS — Northpoint tests and technical filings demonstrate compatibility with DBS e Sharing with NGSO FSS — Northpoint and NGSO—FSS are co—primary — Northpoint and NGSO FSS can co—exist — Each bear burden of co—existence 5112199 Northpoint Technology

Northpoint Technology is Low Power —— Different from Fixed Point—to—Point Microwave Relay Characteristic Units Microwave* Northpoint* Transmit EIRP dBW 435 —17.5 Transmit 3 dB Beamwidth degrees 2. 110 Required BER BER 10° or higher 10° Transmit Distance km 10 — 50 (per link) <16 Noise Floor Kelvin 1000—5000 300 Required Availability To 99.999+ 99.7 *Typical Values 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology

Sharing with DBS — Outline e FIXED and BROADCAST are Primary Services according to both domestic and international allocations — Constrained by footnote $5.490 not to cause Harmful Interference to BSS e Northpoint technical filings demonstrate compatibility with DBS — DIRECTV overestimates Northpoint interference by 10—20 dB — Effect of natural shielding must be taken into account 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology

§A @ INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION — Radio Regulations Edition of 1998 1 Articles Geneva 1998

122 RRSS 11.7—14.25 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 11.7—12.5 11.7—12.1 11.7—12.2 FIXED FIXED $5.486 FIXED BROADCASTING FIXED—SATELLITE MOBILE except aeronautical BROADCASTING—SATELLITE (space—to—Earth) $5.484A mobile MOBILE except aeronautical Mobile except aeronautical mobile BROADCASTING 4 mobile §$5.485 $5.488 BROADCASTING—SATELLITE 12.1—12.2 FIXED—SATELLITE 4. (space—to—Earth) $5.484A §$5.485 $5.488 $5.489 §$5.487 $5.487A $5.492 :h 12.2—12.7 12.2—12.5 "xg! FIXED FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE except aeronautical : mobile mobile BROADCASTING BROADCASTING §$5.487 SS5.487A $5.492 BROADCASTING—SATELLITE S5.484A¥ $5.487 $5.491 12.5—12.75 $5.487A $5.488 $5.490 $5.492 12,5—12.75 FIXED—SATELLITE 12.7—12.75 FIXED (space—to—Earth) $5.484A FIXED FIXED—SATELLITE (Earth—to—space) FIXED—SATELLITE (space—to—Earth) $5.484A (Earth—to—space) MOBILE except aeronautical L MOBILE except aeronautical mobile s mobile BROADCASTING— §$5.494 $5.495 $5.49%6 SATELLITE $5.493 g}i 12.75—13.258 FIXED . FIXED—SATELLITE (Earth—to—space) $5.441 & MOBILE "L Space research (deep space) (space—to—Earth) . 13.25—13.4 EARTH EXPLORATION—SATELLITE (active) i, AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION $5.497 P SPACE RESEARCH (active) $5.498A $5.499 é 13.4—13.75 EARTH EXPLORATION—SATELLITE (active) J RADIOLOCATION i SPACE RESEARCH $5.501A Standard frequency and time signal—satellite (Earth—to—space) $5.499 $5.500 $5.501 $5.501B © 13.75—14 FIXED—SATELLITE (Earth—to—space) $5.484A . RADIOLOCATION i Standard frequency and time signal—satellite (Earth—to—space) Space research $5.499 $5.500 S$5.501 S$5.502 $5.503 $5.503A 14—14.25 FIXED—SATELLITE (Earth—to—space) $5.484A $5.506 RADIONAVIGATION $5.504 Mobile—satellite (Earth—to—space) except acronautical mobile—satellite ,a Space research $5.505

RRSS 123 —SC ~ $5.485 In Region 2, in the band 11.7—12.2 GHz, transponders on space stations in the fixed—satellite service may be used additionally for transmissions in the broadcasting—satellite service, provided that such transmissions do not have a maximum e.i.r.p. greater than 53 dBW per television channel and do not cause greater interference or require more protection from interference than the coordinated fixed—satellite service frequency assignments. With respect to the space services, this band shall be used principally for the fixed—satellite service. $5.486 Different category of service: in Mexico and the United States, the allocation of the band 11.7— 12.1 GHz to the fixed service is on a secondary basis (see No. $5.32). $5.487 In the band 11.7—12.5 GHz in Regions 1 and 3, the fixed, fixed—satellite, mobile, except aeronautical mobile, and broadcasting services, in accordance with their respective allocations, shall not cause harmful interference to broadcasting—satellite stations operating in accordance with the provisions of Appendix S30. $5.487A Additional allocation: in Region 1, the band 11.7—12.5 GHz, in Region 2, the band 12.2—12.7 GHz and, in Region 3, the band 11.7—12.2 GHz, are also allocated to the fixed—satellite service (space—to—Earth) on a primary basis, limited to non—geostationary systems and subject to the provisions of Resolution 538 (WRC—97). (WRC—97) $5.488 The use of the bands 11.7—12.2 GHz by the fixed—satellite service in Region 2 and 12.2—12.7 GHz by the broadcasting—satellite service in Region 2 is limited to national and subregional systems. The use of the band 11.7—12.2 GHz by the fixed—satellite service in Region 2 is subject to previous agreement between the administrations concerned and those having services, operating or planned to operate in accordance with the Table, which may be affected (see Articles $9 and S11). For the use of the band 12.2—12.7 GHz by the broadcasting— satellite service in Region 2, see Appendix S$30. $5.489 Additional allocation: in Peru, the band 12.1—12.2 GHz is also aillocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. $5.490 In Region 2, in the band 12.2—12.7 GHz, existing and future terrestrial radiocommunication services shall not cause harmful interference to the space services operating in conformity with the broadcasting—satellite Plan for Region 2 contained in Appendix $30. $5.491 Additional allocation: in Region 3, the band 12.2—12.5 GHz is also allocated to the fixed—satellite (space—to—Earth) service on a primary basis, limited to national and sub—regional systems. The power flux—density limits in Article $21, Table S$21—4 shall apply to this frequency band. The introduction of the service in relation to the broadcasting—satellite service in Region 1 shall follow the procedures specified in Article 7 of Appendix S30, with the applicable frequency band extended to cover 12.2—12.5 GHz. $5.492 Assignments to stations of the broadcasting—satellite service in conformity with the appropriate regional Plan in Appendix $30 may also be used for transmissions in the fixed—satellite service (space—to—Earth), provided that such transmissions do not cause more interference or require more protection from interference than the broadcasting—satellite service transmissions operating in conformity with this Plan. With respect to the space services, this band shall be used principally for the broadcasting—satellite service. (WRC—97) $5.493 The broadcasting—satellite service in the band 12.5—12.75 GHz in Region 3 is limited to a power flux— density not exceeding —111 dB(W/m*}/27 MHz for all conditions and for all methods of modulation at the edge of the service area. (WRC—97)

Standard of Harmful Interference * "Accepted Interference" is not "Harmful Interference" e Harmful Interference: — "Interference which ... seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service..." e DirecTV 1994 report to the FCC suggests 20% increase in unavailability would be serious degradation. 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology

Northpoint Does Not Cause Harmful Interference ' e Northpoint will not cause repeated interruption — Northpoint will never cause a loss of signal in clear air —— This fact is not disputed by any party. e Northpoint will not cause serious degradation — Northpoint will not cause a 20% increase in unavailability 5/112/99 Northpoint Technology —7— | {

Fair and Equitable Sharing Criteria e Northpoint will never degrade BSS availability below the BSS target of 99.7%. e Northpoint will not decrease the average availability more than 0.006% (0.5 hours per year) e Northpoint will not decrease the availability more than 0.06% in any case. (5 hours per year) e Accounts for near—far variation in C/I ratio 5112199 | Northpoint Technology —8— ..... | {

Northpoint Technical Filings Demonstrate Compatibility with DBS e DIRECTV overestimates Northpoint interference by 10 to 20 dB e Most serious error: BSS receive gain towards Northpoint — DirecTV erroneously uses 0 dBi — Actual gain towards Northpoint averages minus 10 dBi e This erroneous antenna gain is used in all of DIRECTYV‘s analysis resulting in wholly erroneous conclusions e Other DIRECTV technical errors totaling 3—6 dB as described in Northpoint filings to the Commiussion i 5112199 | Northpoint Technology [

Northpoint Technical Filings Demonstrate Compatibility with DBS e DIRECTV overestimates Northpoint interference by 10 to 20 dB e Most serious error: BSS receive gain towards Northpoint — DirecTV erroneously uses 0 dBi — Actual gain towards Northpoint averages minus 10 dBi‘ * This erroneous antenna gain is used in all of DIRECTV‘s analysis resulting in wholly erroneous conclusions * Other DIRECTV technical errors totaling 3—6 dB as described in Northpoint filings to the Commussion 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology

Table 2.2.2—1 DIRECTV calculation of BSS carth station receive antenna horizon gain i 1 onum-mm.mns, . | | . | | J ; Pm epctpt o tt~ o pct—tyt~C ~o > so ; as 4 m oi m j_® us_ao l .g a ioi {os se is | m as m! s_i«o | is _so iss so |as ~§s“w+,ss GreatCrtle,radrans| 1 267 | 1153 1000 ! 1007_|0 28e omf’om ouflom tom 0 soo o 7ee o7 ons]nms"ares os ome |oses oars| on: | anss o ons 1 out 1 ons 1 155 1 208| [es|_|___ 287 ___ __SatEiAngle, cogms}se |_nz1 sse|1ese [ :\_o_1 "as|arrr:r| s srs_| ms ma_l w2 sr9_|2021 sez; se sr2| mai ms |sas ma; arr 2e e |mol see [ise 123 ~SalAr Angle, degress «n:'nn nay| i7 1283) 191| tm3| uoe : ress mo se a . se o 1728 ies ms'mo seo| 1592 | 1120 1ees mo_|px.3'|:p.| 1253 mrltgg; 122| 10e3 _ ‘ n 1 Marimum NPT to BSS ES Ar Angle deg: _ ‘ . _ _ — ! . lulcfp. ! BSS Fcy Amtenna Gain Glarizen) | _ _ _:19 ___—!o‘_-;!h-_:! ._..'.,.!_,- :’_‘ 2uk —8 _‘—‘. fi2l lhuekke.‘ zl== l —|Gan a‘*~ ir _ .0‘—12 L —12 -|2 "'‘! L:!‘ -lzl'__:‘): ~14] __—14) _-1. -'. __—10 ._‘-101—_:[0[__.'0 lull 10| _ +412 16 u‘ ~12] ci2] e 4e re| Cag)4o rgf|ol 100 cre, ol cel cg;, 0 cf| [ ce 60[ 03 7\:3! 2T srai_ef _le| u;O ur| e D k ul sl| 27ap~ -z‘ -’. lmab|© 30 C_____s9 -“L_il___fl 2c ctk} 44 -ulce cas| Lrof L10]_ref se| srel in Cl | e _ ef C al ez l iaf ard. _:i3] _re[ 16| 4 —— TCO 00| 00!'Cl un il 4e ine| 46 ie] 10 Lie| ro| ol ae|~olLour] al 1 cel~ Cmmc O Toel O se tue) Caf o ca z) cunl n| TagkTus| is Tas| o. _ ite| qo|__—r0( _ +100 srel oi -m tuel Te ~aoo! cra} crel C re| as[_ ———————— o réf ciéf ief00 0| ol ig; ere, ol rof T9 af Cl Te eey e el 24 2| af aa, Carl 1 »aelce| 16 C c( | 2 0 120) _—10} ———— *~a30,~ —10 _ .10]__.—10|" ~10 —10°__—10|__—10 L_10} _ 10) .10 10-Io___-_!fl_ «"3 .9 99) 00 #1__ 3 —1 :7__- A| _el Lel _elu4| c e|2l aallsc as| L sre| rel8229 o ) ~2] 2) _—12;,_16 _-l‘ _ 160000160 ) 16| Cak; 2P) ~t6)0 000 a| _2 TN C p )aa _" se rs| Cas|TCorel n car| Crel .13)—_—12 _ weal Cref CLrae} D—re) ie_De| Dle] L D9 0 2f =t—t~—~———— — esef ciel ral e|O e;08|A ie 8| 4| y ) C ) 20 a2) u[ Core,) 8| arl Carl as; cref Cas|16 —— c 02 2aegpol ueh 9| uef arf CC cef C u[ ep 0| Coor[ ur) arl| uel l@10 2 9600 L y C c2) )0 Spstal gh td898) " . —17_—ng} ol 46)ore,| Tee]__o16] 12 2l ar _ rr) asl 6 (ct%;| ae Aaf C120 sie] cus| (§60 e —12] ~t12] _ regi 8 cel_ue| Coue| cce 2 La[ CC2e] 0 c —21l 02 aagl 4210090 rel| te} t4, C2rr D str) lrel (ire cte| 8 u92 2 ~2| 22| NTULTT 1 0C mt mt t 9t CCC a9P 0 —be 0 u4| 4 ka 0 2al l (tre 2 46) 4610003600 096)012]0 (12,0 04200 06) ce C186 Cag:) (rl er O C l Oal 200 _ _Lal _ —2] _}2| _:200 cdal cd2l d1 _ 46 . !‘1 __108] )16921{10] {16186 _ 1160 (f8] _2120_112]0 022( 012 0 260 4i 0 ce Tet t OO 10 —“.: C.2] a2) ) 33)) +412 ___oii’ | 1800 )48 i »12] A2)) .16] _—16] _ _;16} _ 7!51 c 6120 tal | ) _ }2| _ o9 __-.4' C+s) _8| 4| OO OOol -uJ__;g;L_:_-u e Cel cas| rel _[112 arl as se as|_ Ltof Crn D12 2ng _ l2} 0e ef e[ 280 4) _2 Cr| [~ sao} ~i8]~ 16( ci6]~ c18"~ cte| —~t2|~r2)0 01200 —r6| cre, ts‘"‘u ul al it ait~afl e —Cef tCt~— ..l_'.' aao]|__—i8] 18| —18]__12; A3f :12 “-gojf e) 2ref o re|a2) uasal uaf sal_e O uef uel sel _ arf O| T# _# >10 250 __:!. 22 ~12 ~12 L. ~121) _:'. __:“ +6 ‘;ll: ~12 . ~12 _'2.__'2 +4 '!:*_:‘2_ _-. . -‘o' Ll.*010 _'7 _ -’uf' _.___*' __:‘Qr -_W ___"OL___ reo| ~—12] X_as|. —re| o rel Cis] re] C cre]_DSna) cral 2| 1(202 e| Dcef 0; Cey t TL Orf Ce ef Frel TCrg, Taat" <rel aol _ ~10. crro| e ~is]} "\6 1 BE : » & 4 . . | ~Zse[ tal —10,_ <10 f“’ ~18) _ z00|18( .18( _ :12 * -\.2 ‘1.: :r‘_:n’___:__ .4) ~8f O800 8 uff SP| #p § 8]_ 10 ol 0| T18 -w‘as! —18] csel 14 ~— Geo| _cii]| Cb2] ana| a) _ a| ; «ul ef ~ep C COr| D Caf _ao! o) cref Cro| io: ro] _ aol crel _ s crel cre| _a2]_ar| _— |° _T ~~seaf 77—af 2| 2 oaf 1 d (ef s t 2982 9 9p2 82 —ef stef_e)_101 9p . Agp 400 Daref cref aal kc pal raf Cong gef Cikl 1k 2. _ _ sOURCE: COMMENTS OF DIRECTV 2 MAR 1999 10 1 ( I . _ OCSUL95403.3

Comparison of Accurately Calculated C/I Ratios to DIRECTV‘ s Assertion 100% 3 Seattle Washmgton i 90% 7 1 1 a 80% 7 L g Cj |oBs t\ / & 70%—— Assertion a of h i# 8 4 C/I ratio \ / y 7 ¢ s OE) 60% h t / M 1 a E 50% 4 8_ 4 a // '-E 40% : *# O { # p—4 | r 5 30% — 7 / Actual C/I from [ 30 1 oA Northpoint °O 20% 1 — 2 4 A / 10% : )R # / 0% L—7——— e omm C ll2 . v— _ 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C/I (dB) 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology —12— (

High Interference Zone Within Northpoint Service Area D IR EC T V. High Interference Zone and Northpoint Service Area 8 — «* «~C/<=28.6 dB, RSSi>=—154.2 dBW 4 ex«———~Nosthnoint Service Ares, RSSi>=— 158.7 dBW o jfi“.\ :'-s\\ E f ~ NC , \ d p & % Y 4 1 a C 1 8 8 1 o _ Area of Unacceptably U I t High Interference 5 1 ‘ *A IF C r m 4 % # * # f = L# 12 \ Northpoint Service Area 16 snwotr ts 6w2te nA Anes tssn i scrmatrnrettcorebortcacn + 12 —8 —4 0 4& 8 12 Distance, km Seattle, Required C/I = 28.6 dB (n=5) 4/8/99 SOURCE : DIRECTV PRESENTATION TO THE FCC 2 *PR 99

High Interference Zone . ] Within Northpoint Service Area pIRECTV. High Interference Zone and Northpoint Service Area 8 . — — — —C/A<=28.6 0B, RSSi>=—154.2 dBW Northpoint Service Area, RSSi>=— } j 158.7 dBW hed Nus _ + J/:-.-.-‘ E he " N\ 0 —A€ 4 2 * t 6 O i Area of Unacceptably 9 i & 7 High Interference 6 — 4‘ »P 13 a \‘\ %’ Northpoint Service Arca 12 8 4 0 4 § 12 Distance, km Seattle, Required C/I = 28.6 dB (n=5) 4/8/99 { sOURCE: DIRECTV PRESENTATION TO THEB FCC 8 »°R 99 L {

C/I into DBS 40—50 |— m 50—60 va 40—50 m 30—40 m 20—30 30—40 }\ [ uw 10—20 0—10 11 50—60 13 [City: Seattle DBS Sat. Long: 101 W DBS Car. Pow,. —124.9 dBW 15 NP EIRP: —19.5 dBwW Min C/I Ratio: 16.7 dB 17 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology —14—

Aggregate Effect of Multiple Northpoint Transmitters | * Overlap of Northpoint service areas will not cause significant increase in interference e Average C/I ratio into DBS is over 40 dB e Aggregate effect is insignificant e Example: — C/I of 40 dB overlap area with C/I of 20 dB — Aggregate C/I is 19.95 dB 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology —15—

Northpoint Impact on DBS 15% — |Level of NGSO—FSS Degradation Everywhere = 10% % Increase in Unavailability _ s 10% C dC"Eor ie ac Cmy "war 0 % Naturally Shielded /-' aan wan ope ams a——wy ——— 70 % Naturally Shielded 5% ------ 90 % Naturally Shielded use *** ® a a a a & 8 a & & a * + a a s % * & w san * . Som au, =s L ~= 0% 10% 20% 30% > 40% 50% % of Northpoint Service Area 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology ~16— |

Natural Shielding . Pns don lesmmz Most Common Installations (A¥A, B, C) Naturally Shielded 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology —17—

Effect of Natural Shielding. {3 — |Level of NGSO—FSS Degradation :| Everywhere = 10% & 1 5..$ 10% +— P °C ol a» 01 §& 6 |||\ i0 6001 — ‘o w 0 % Naturally Shielded 0 \ \ ——— 70 % Naturally Shielded ®U gop 1a N_ N 222222fi 90 % Naturally Shielded £ \\ \ o\o \\\ \ & J R——__2 Oo/o ................................... 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% % of Northpoint Service Area 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology —18—

Summary of Sharing with DBS e Far from causing harmful interference, Northpoint has very little effect on DBS — DIRECTV‘s claims to the contrary are based upon flawed assumptions e Northpoint meets proposed sharing criteria e Authorization of Northpoint will create at least 105 GHz of new spectrum capacity for services in the United States 5112/99 Northpoint Technology —19—

Northpoint Sharing with NGSO FSS e Northpoint and NGSO FSS are both primary services e Each service assumes burden of sharing e There are no exclusion zones for NGSO FSS with use of alternate beam assignment e Alternate Beam Assignment allows interference free operation of NGSO FSS — ABA is not a burden for NGSO FSS operations 5112799 Northpoint Technology —20—

Alternate Beam Assignment e NGSO FSS Propose 11.7 — 12.7 GHz for service links using 6—10 beams e NGSO FSS select frequencies for each customer up to 100 times per day —— as a matter of course during satellite hand— over. e Location of Northpoint transmitter is Possible NGSO fixed, and may be surrounded by a FSS LEO small NGSO FSS mitigation zone. Mitigation Zone + Through ABA, NGSO FSS utilize 11.7 — 12.2 GHz in mitigation zone + Note: NGSO FSS LEO systems have the largest mitigation zones. Zones for MEO and HEO systems are much smaller 5112/99 Northpoint Technology —21—

Summary of Sharing with NGSO FSS * With alternate beam assignment, the Commussion can have flexibility to: — Authorize both Northpoint and NGSO FSS applicants — Regardless of system design e Northpoint will support ITU studies on sharmg between Northpoint type systems and the NGSO FSS (All studies to date focus on point—to—point microwave relay type systems.) e Conclusion: Northpoint and NGSO FSS are not mutually exclusive 5112799 Northpoint Technology —22—

Composite Sharing BSS / Northpoint / NGSO FSS e BSS has accepted a 10% increase in unavailability from NGSO FSS e Northpoint average increase in DBS unavailability is much less than 0.5% e Northpoint contribution to increased unavailability is insignificant compared with other sources of interference 5/12/199 Northpoint Technology —23—

Composite Availability — Northpoint/BSS/NGSO FSS 100.00 Average Northpoint contribution negligible 99.95 mE } C 9 Jn # ‘5 .1:.; 2 99.85 — —t— Baseline V —&—NGSO—FSS —t—99% 99.80 ——100% 99.75 99.70 — : t t r Austin Bangor Chicago LA Miami Seattle * Data and source calculations from Northpoint comments in the NPRM 5112/99 Northpoint Technology

Summary e Northpoint is a new, low—power terrestrial technology e Compatible with BSS — Does not cause harmful interference — Interference highly overestimated by DIRECTV +« Compatible with NGSO FSS 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology 25. (

Back—Up Material

Global View of Sharing QuasiGeo \ Terrestrial Arc NGSO Arc GSO arC 459 NGSO Arc 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology —31.

Coordination Area for various NGSO FSS Systems | System Area (km*) % of Northpoint Service Area Skybridge 19.46 8.3 % Hughes NET 10.87 4.6 % Hughes LINK 3.72 1.6 % Teledesic 1.34 0.6 % Denali 0.16 0.07 % Boeing IDS 0.13 0.06 % Boeing BDS 0.13 0.06 % Virgo 0.12 0.05 % Northpoint Service Area = 230 km* 5112199 Northpoint Technology

Northpoint Availability in fading conditions 100.0% — 99.8% :"'5' CG F3 —O—Po= 15, Co = 0 \\ \\ 4 99.4% — —m—Po = 15, Co = 8 ~ A —4&—Po= 10, Co = 0 —#&—Po = 10, Co = 8 —O—Po = 5, Co = 0 99.2% —C@—Po = 5, Co = 8 \ \ \\ \ 99.0% r———tr{———r tb 5 10 15 20 Distance from Transmitter (km) 5112/99 Northpoint Technology —35—

Northpoint Rain Margin Requirements 6 a | —O—Rain Region N (99.7%) — —&»—Rain Region M (99.7%) 5 —#—Rain Region K (99.8%) { —&—Rain Region E (99.8%) —O—Rain Region D (99.9%) —»—Rain Region B(99.9% ) 7 _ Rain Margin Required /y U _R 2 // 7 1- 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Distance from Transmitter (km) The rain margin required to meet specified availability accounts for both the lower rain attenuation and change in path loss over 16 km distance. 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology —36—

Worst—Case C/I Ratios: Variation DBS Gain Towards Northpoint 50 45 40 35 30 . pr ** ———Gain = —16 dBi . & .. ——— Gain = —12 dBi 25 C ——JOJ..2... Gain = —8 dBi — —*——Gain = —4 dBi 20 —*~—Gain = —0 dBi 15 10 5 0 o 9 4 6 8 10 12 14 Distance from Transmitter (Zero Deg Azimuth to Northpoint Transmitter, km) 5/12/99 Northpoint Technology —37.


Document Created: 2003-11-12 11:37:45
Document Modified: 2003-11-12 11:37:45
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