Orbital Debris Assessment Report

0456-EX-PL-2015 Text Documents

California State University, Northridge

2016-07-29ELS_180014

ELVL-2016-0044466 (Comm License) July 27, 2016 Orbital Debris Assessment for The CubeSats on the CRS (OA7) /ElaNa-17 Mission per NASA-STD 8719.14A (Communications License Review)

Signature Page Scott Higginbotham, M on Manager, NASA KSC VA-C

National Aeronautics and Space Administration John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 ELVL-2016-0044466 Reply to Attn of: VA-H1 July 27, 2016 TO: Scott Higginbotham, LSP Mission Manager, NASA/KSC/VA-C FROM: Justin Treptow, NASA/KSC/VA-H1 SUBJECT: Orbital Debris Assessment Report (ODAR) for the ElaNa-17 Mission (Communication License Review) REFERENCES: A. NASA Procedural Requirements for Limiting Orbital Debris Generation, NPR 8715.6A, 5 February 2008 B. Process for Limiting Orbital Debris, NASA-STD-8719.14A, 25 May 2012 C. Renaud, Patric “RE: Update to 1602RTRJ topo01- Reference Trajectory version 1” 8 July 2015. E-mail. D. McKissock, Barbara, Patricia Loyselle, and Elisa Vogel. Guidelines on Lithium- ion Battery Use in Space Applications. Tech. no. RP-08-75. NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio E. UL Standard for Safety for Lithium Batteries, UL 1642. UL Standard. 4th ed. Northbrook, IL, Underwriters Laboratories, 2007 F. Kwas, Robert. Thermal Analysis of ELaNa-4 CubeSat Batteries, ELVL-2012- 0043254; Nov 2012 G. Range Safety User Requirements Manual Volume 3- Launch Vehicles, Payloads, and Ground Support Systems Requirements, AFSCM 91-710 V3. H. HQ OSMA Policy Memo/Email to 8719.14: CubeSat Battery Non-Passivation, Suzanne Aleman to Justin Treptow, 10, March 2014 The intent of this report is to satisfy the orbital debris requirements listed in ref. (a) for the ElaNa-17 auxiliary mission launching in conjunction with the OA7 primary payload. It serves as the final submittal in support of the spacecraft Safety and Mission Success Review (SMSR). Sections 1 through 8 of ref. (b) are addressed in this document; sections 9 through 14 fall under the requirements levied on the Department of Defense’s Operationally Responsive Space Office and are not presented here. 3

The following table summarizes the compliance status of the ElaNa-17 auxiliary payload mission flown on CRS/OA7. The five CubeSats comprising the ElaNa-17 mission are fully compliant with all applicable requirements. Table 1: Orbital Debris Requirement Compliance Matrix Requirement Compliance Assessment Comments 4.3-1a Not applicable No planned debris release 4.3-1b Not applicable No planned debris release 4.3-2 Not applicable No planned debris release 4.4-1 Compliant On board energy source (batteries) incapable of debris-producing failure 4.4-2 Compliant On board energy source (batteries) incapable of debris-producing failure 4.4-3 Not applicable No planned breakups 4.4-4 Not applicable No planned breakups 4.5-1 Compliant 4.5-2 Not applicable 4.6-1(a) Compliant Worst case lifetime 2.3 yrs 4.6-1(b) Not applicable 4.6-1(c) Not applicable 4.6-2 Not applicable 4.6-3 Not applicable 4.6-4 Not applicable Passive disposal 4.6-5 Compliant 4.7-1 Compliant Non-credible risk of human casualty 4.8-1 Compliant No planned tether release under ElaNa-17 mission 4

Section 1: Program Management and Mission Overview The ElaNa-17 mission is sponsored by the Space Operations Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters. The Program Executive is Jason Crusan. Responsible program/project manager and senior scientific and management personnel are as follows: CSUNSat1: Dr. Sharlene Katz, Principle Investigator / Project Manager CXBN-2: Dr. Benjamin K. Malphrus, Principle Investigator / Project Manager HARP: Dr. J. Vanderlei Martins, Principle Investigator / Project Manager IceCube: Dr. Dong L. Wu, Principle Investigator; Dr. Jeffery R. Piepmeier, Project Manager OpenOrbiter1: Dr. Ronald Marsh, Principle Investigator; Jeremy Straub, Project Manager 5

Program Milestone Schedule Task Date CubeSat Selection April 20, 2015 CubeSat Delivery to NanoRacks November 14, 2016 Dispenser Delivery to NASA for Stowage November 30, 2016 Launch December 30, 2016 Figure 1: Program Milestone Schedule The ElaNa-17 mission will be launched as an auxiliary payload on the OA-7 CRS mission on an Antares 230 launch vehicle from Wallops Flight Facility, VA. The ElaNa- 17, will deploy 5 pico-satellites (or CubeSats). The CubeSat slotted position is identified in Table 2: ELaNa-17 CubeSats. The ElaNa-17 manifest includes: CSUNSat1, CXBN-2, HARP, IceCube, OpenOrbiter1. The current launch date is in December 30, 2016. The 5 CubeSats are to be ejected from a NanoRack’s ISS deployer Q1 of 2017, placing the CubeSats in an orbit approximately 400 X 400 km at inclination of 51.6 deg (ref. (c)). Each CubeSat ranges in sizes from a 10 cm cube to 10 cm x 10cm x 30 cm, with masses from about 1 kg to 5 kg total. The CubeSats have been designed and universities and government agencies and each have their own mission goals. 6

Section 2: Spacecraft Description There are five CubeSats flying on the ElaNa-17 Mission. They will be deployed out of the NanoRacks ISS deployer in Q1 of 2017, as shown in Table 2: ELaNa-17 CubeSats below. Table 2: ELaNa-17 CubeSats CubeSat CubeSat CubeSat size CubeSat Masses (kg) Quantity Names 1 2U (10 cm X 10 cm X 22.7 cm) CSUNSat1 2.16 1 2U (11.3 cm X 11.3 cm X 22.7 cm) CXBN-2 2.818 1 3U (10 cm X 10 cm X 36.8 cm) HARP 4.766 1 2U (10 cm X 10 cm X 20 cm) IceCube 4.5 1 1U (10 cm X 10 cm X 11.3 cm) OpenOrbiter1 0.979 The following subsections contain descriptions of these five CubeSats. 7

CSUNSat1 – California State University Northridge (CSUN) / Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL) – 2U Figure 2: CSUNSat1 Xray View (Left) Figure 3: CSUNSat1 Exploded View (Right) CSUNSat1 is a 2U CubeSat jointly developed by California State University Northridge (CSUN) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The objective of the CSUNSat1 mission is to space test a new low-temperature capable, Li-ion battery/supercapacitor hybrid power system. This innovation would reduce the mass and volume of power systems and eliminate the need for wasteful battery heaters and thereby increase the amount of energy and power available at for low-temperatures science and engineering operations encountered in deep space missions. 30 minutes after release from the deployer, CSUNSat1 will power up and execute an initialization process that includes charging the spacecraft battery and deploying the antenna. After initialization the follow mission phases will be executed. • Spacecraft Checkout: A set of tests to verify spacecraft performance and charge the spacecraft battery • Payload Checkout: A single charge/discharge cycle of the payload battery • Primary Experiments: A series of ground station controlled designed to characterize the battery, supercapacitors, and hybrid system at several temperatures • Extended Mission: Based on the successful performance of the primary experiments, the satellite will switch from the spacecraft to the payload battery as the primary source of stored energy for the remainder of the mission. The primary CSUNSat1 structure is made of 5052-H32 Aluminum. The radio and beacon use an ISIS Deployable Antenna System (Double UHF Dipole) made from Aluminum 6082, Polycarbonate, and Nitinol. The solar panel substrates are made of Aluminum 6061 with XTJ cells mounted on them. The remaining components contain all standard commercial off the shelf (COTS) materials, electrical components, and PCBs. CSUNSat1 has no propulsion and no attitude control. There are no pressure vessels, hazardous or exotic materials. 8

The spacecraft’s electrical power storage system consists of Panasonic NCR18650 Lithium batteries. The payload experiment battery is an A123 Systems/Navitas 26650 Li-ion Cell (Manufacturer Serial # TXN10293). 9

Cosmic X-Ray Background Nanosatellite -2 (CXBN-2) Morehead State University 2U Figure 4: CXBN-2 Expanded View CXBN-2 is a follow-on mission to CXBN, a 2-U CubeSat that was launched on September 13, 2012 as a secondary payload on the NASA ELaNa VI OUTSat mission. While CXBN is successfully operated on orbit, a number of improvements are envisioned that would improve the precision of the scientific measurement (increase the S/N) made by CXBN and improve the reliability of the spacecraft bus while advancing the flight software and therefore the mission and spacecraft capabilities. CXBN-2 is being developed with these design improvements incorporated. Mission operations at Morehead State University (MSU) now utilizes the substantial gain of the MSU 21 m Antenna system, when combined with Software Defined Radio systems and techniques, significantly reduces mission risk by implementing the ability to detect and decode extremely weak beacons, telemetry, and down-linked data from small spacecraft in LEO with limited prime power and transmission power. The goal of the CXBN-2 mission is to increase the precision of measurements of the Cosmic X- Ray Background in the 30-50 keV range top a precision of <5%, thereby constraining models that attempt to explain the relative contribution of proposed sources lending insight into the underlying physics of the early universe. The mission addresses a fundamental science question that is clearly central to our understanding of the structure, origin, and evolution of the universe by potentially lending insight into both the high energy background radiation and into the evolution of primordial galaxies. CXBN-2 will map the Extragalactic Diffuse X-Ray Background (DXB) with a new breed of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detector (first flown on CXBN) but with twice the detector array area of its precursor and with careful characterization and calibration. The DXB is a powerful tool for understanding the early universe and provides a window to the most energetic objects in the far-away universe. Although studied previously, 10

existing measurements disagree by about 20%. With the novel CZT detector aboard CXBN-2 and an improved array configuration, a new, high precision measurement is possible. In ~1 year of operation the experiment will have collected 3 million seconds of good data, reaching a broadband S/N ~250. Upon deployment from the NanoRacks CubeSat Dispenser (NRCSD), CXBN-2 will power up its systems and start count down timers. At Deployment T+30 minutes, the solar arrays, antennas, and thermal radiators will be deployed, then at 45 minutes the UHF beacon will be activated. For the first several passes the ground station operators at Morehead State University will attempt communications to perform checkouts of the spacecraft. Approximately 6 days from launch, payload tests will begin and continue for at least 1 year. The CubeSat structure is made of Aluminum 6061-T6. It contains standard commercial off the shelf (COTS) materials, electrical components, custom PCBs and solar cells. The UHF radio uses a quadrature array of blade antennas There are no pressure vessels, hazardous, radioactive or exotic materials. The X-Ray detector collimator is composed of a 3-D printed Tungsten composite material printed with a polymeric binder that has been analyzed by LSP. The electrical power storage system consists of common lithium-ion batteries (Boston Power Swing 5300) with over-charge/current protection circuitry and venting capabilities. The lithium batteries carry the following certifications: UN 38.3, UL1642, IEC 62133, ROHS 2002/95/EC, CTIA IEEE 1725 and testing for spaceflight readiness was conducted at NASA JSC. 11

HARP – UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County) – 3U Figure 5: HARP Expanded View The HyperAngular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP) mission is designed to measure the microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosols, cloud water and ice particles. HARP is a precursor for the new generation of imaging polarimeters to be used for the detailed measurements of aerosol and cloud properties in larger missions. The HARP payload is a wide field-of-view (FOV) imager that splits three spatially identical images into three independent polarizers and detector arrays. This technique achieves simultaneous imagery of three polarization states and is the key innovation to achieve high polarimetric accuracy with no moving parts. The spacecraft consists of a 3U CubeSat with 3-axis stabilization designed to keep the imager pointing nadir during the data acquisition period. Upon deployment from the ISS NanoRacks Deployer, HARP will power up and start counting down timers. At 30 minutes, the antennas and solar array will be deployed, then at 45 minutes the UHF Radio will be activated and able to transmit but still only upon command from the ground. For the first few passes the ground station operators will attempt communications to perform checkouts of the spacecraft. Approximately 4 days from launch, payload tests will begin and continue for 4-12 months until the spacecraft burns up in the atmosphere. The CubeSat structure is made of Aluminum 7075. It contains all standard commercial off the shelf (COTS) materials, electrical components, PCBs and solar cells. There are no pressure vessels, hazardous or exotic materials. The electrical power storage system consists of common lithium-ion batteries with over- charge/current protection circuitry. They are provided by ClydeSpace. 12

IceCube – NASA Goddard Space Flight Center – 3U Figure 6: IceCube Deconstructed View IceCube is an Earth Science technology validation mission with the objective of raising the technology readiness level (TRL) of 900-GHz sub-millimeter wave radiometer technology from 5 to 7. Sub-millimeter wave technology enables a new class of spaceflight radiometers sensitive to ice clouds. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and it’s Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) has partnered with Virginia Diodes, Inc (VDI) to qualify commercially available 900-GHz receiver technology for spaceflight and demonstrate the radiometer performance aboard a 3-U CubeSat in a low Earth orbit environment. IceCube is funded by NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office and NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. IceCube will be deployed from a NanoRacks Dispenser. Thirty minutes after release from the ISS, the vehicle will begin deploying solar panels (2 wings) and dipole UHF antenna. There are no detachable parts. The vehicle is solar-inertial pointed with solar panels normal to the sun-line, and spins at a nominal rate of 3 minutes per revolution about the sun-line. Power management will be such as to preserve positive margin throughout the orbit, with the science instrument typically switched off during night time. Operations lifetime is expected to be 70 days or less. No spacecraft control is planned after this time, though re-entry. The mechanical structure is made of Al 6061-T651. There are 4 threaded 304 Stainless Steel rods with total mass of 52 grams. All fasteners are either A286 alloy or 300 series stainless steel. Exterior thermal tape is Silicon Oxide/Aluminized Kapton. Printed circuit boards are FR4, with Sn62 or Sn63 (Tin/Lead) solder. Locking inserts are Nitronic 60. There are no materials identified that could survive entry. There are no hazardous systems on the satellite. The 40Wh battery pack is commercially made by Clyde Space, model number CS- SBAT2-40. These batteries contain 8 VARTA lithium polymer 16-02324 cells. 13

OpenOrbiter 1 – University of North Dakota – 1U ELaNa-17 OpenOrbiter1 Figure 7: OpenOrbiter-1 Expanded View OpenOrbiter-1 will demonstrate the effectiveness of ultra-low cost COTS (consumer off the shelf) parts from an open-source design and capture the on-orbit characteristics of the designs. Validation of the designs in the primary mission with a secondary mission of earth imagining and testing image-mosaicking algorithms Following deployment from the NanoRacks CubeSat Dispenser (NRCSD), solar cells, battery charge, and the 30 minute system hold timer will activate. Upon completion of the 30 minute hold, primary voltage conversion will begin, powering the system. The next several orbits will be used to validate full system startup and characterize on-orbit performance of the satellite through telemetry downlink. Image mosaicking and data processing will also be conducted during this time. Mission life is expected to be 3-6 months. The structure of the CubeSat will be made out of 6061 Aluminum. The primary radio antenna will be made out of Mylar coated steel. COTS parts will be used for the remaining materials, electrical components, solar cells, and PCBs. No hazardous systems are present on the satellite. Batteries are typical COTS lithium-ion batteries that has IC protection against shorts, over-discharge, and over-charge situations. The lithium cells have an UL number of MH12210. 14

Figure 8: 1U CubeSat Specification Figure 9: 3U CubeSat Specification 15

Section 3: Assessment of Spacecraft Debris Released during Normal Operations The assessment of spacecraft debris requires the identification of any object (>1 mm) expected to be released from the spacecraft any time after launch, including object dimensions, mass, and material. The section 3 requires rationale/necessity for release of each object, time of release of each object, relative to launch time, release velocity of each object with respect to spacecraft, expected orbital parameters (apogee, perigee, and inclination) of each object after release, calculated orbital lifetime of each object, including time spent in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), and an assessment of spacecraft compliance with Requirements 4.3-1 and 4.3-2. No releases are planned on the ElaNa-17 CubeSat mission therefore this section is not applicable. 16

Section 4: Assessment of Spacecraft Intentional Breakups and Potential for Explosions. There are NO plans for designed spacecraft breakups, explosions, or intentional collisions on the ElaNa-17 mission. The probability of battery explosion is very low, and, due to the very small mass of the satellites and their short orbital lifetimes the effect of an explosion on the far-term LEO environment is negligible (ref (h)). The CubeSats batteries still meet Req. 56450 (4.4-2) by virtue of the HQ OSMA policy regarding CubeSat battery disconnect stating; “CubeSats as a satellite class need not disconnect their batteries if flown in LEO with orbital lifetimes less than 25 years.” (ref. (h)) Assessment of spacecraft compliance with Requirements 4.4-1 through 4.4-4 shows that with a lifetime of 1.3 years maximum the ElaNa-17 CubeSat is compliant. 17

Section 5: Assessment of Spacecraft Potential for On-Orbit Collisions Calculation of spacecraft probability of collision with space objects larger than 10 cm in diameter during the orbital lifetime of the spacecraft takes into account both the mean cross sectional area and orbital lifetime. The largest mean cross sectional area (CSA) among the five CubeSats is that of the IceCube CubeSat with solar panels deployed maintaining a solar internal attitude: !"#$%&' !"#$ !∗ !∗! +!∗ !∗! !"#$ !"# = = ! ! Equation 1: Mean Cross Sectional Area for Convex Objects !!"# + !! + !! !"#$ !"# = ! Equation 2: Mean Cross Sectional Area for Complex Objects All CubeSats evaluated for this ODAR are stowed in a convex configuration, indicating there are no elements of the CubeSats obscuring another element of the same CubeSats from view. Thus, mean CSA for all stowed CubeSats was calculated using Equation 1. This configuration renders the longest orbital life times for all CubeSats. Once a CubeSat has been ejected from the NanoRacks CubeSat Dispenser (NRCSD) and deployables have been extended Equation 2 is utilized to determine the mean CSA. Amax is identified as the view that yields the maximum cross-sectional area. A1 and A2 are the two cross-sectional areas orthogonal to Amax. Refer to Appendix A for dimensions used in these calculations The IceCube orbit at deployment is 400 km apogee altitude by 400 km perigee altitude, with an inclination of 51.6 degrees. With an area to mass (4.5 kg) ratio of 0.035 m2/kg, DAS yields 2.3 years for orbit lifetime for its stowed state, which in turn is used to obtain the collision probability. Table 4 below provides complete results. There will be no post-mission disposal operation. As such the identification of all systems and components required to accomplish post-mission disposal operation, including passivation and maneuvering, is not applicable. 18

Table 3: CubeSat Orbital Lifetime & Collision Probability CubeSat CSUNSat-1 CXBN-2 HARP* IceCube OpenOrbiter1 Mass (kg) 2.16 2.818 4.766 4.5 0.979 Mean C/S Area (m^2) 0.0277 0.032 0.042 0.035 0.0163 Stowed Area-to Mass (m^2/kg) 0.0128 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.017 Orbital Lifetime (yrs) 1.2 1.5 2 2.3 0.8 Probability of collision (10^X) 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 Mean C/S Area (m^2) 0.0289 0.050 0.056 0.1602 0.0173 Deployed Area-to Mass (m^2/kg) 0.0134 0.018 0.012 0.036 0.018 Orbital Lifetime (yrs) 1.1 0.8 1.3 0.4 0.8 Probability of collision (10^X) 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 Solar Flux Table Dated 1/26/2016 * HARP operational attitude is nadir pointing, Mean C/S Area consists of average of solar panels perpendicular and parallel to velocity vector.

The probability of any ElaNa-17 spacecraft collision with debris and meteoroids greater than 10 cm in diameter and capable of preventing post-mission disposal is calculated to be less than 0.00000 by DAS, for any configuration. This satisfies the 0.001 maximum probability requirement 4.5-1. Since the CubeSats have no capability or plan for end-of-mission disposal, requirement 4.5-2 is not applicable. Assessment of spacecraft compliance with Requirements 4.5-1 shows ElaNa-17 to be compliant. Requirement 4.5-2 is not applicable to this mission. Section 6: Assessment of Spacecraft Postmission Disposal Plans and Procedures All ElaNa-17 spacecraft will naturally decay from orbit within 25 years after end of the mission, satisfying requirement 4.6-1a detailing the spacecraft disposal option. Planning for spacecraft maneuvers to accomplish postmission disposal is not applicable. Disposal is achieved via passive atmospheric reentry. Calculating the area-to-mass ratio for the worst-case (smallest Area-to-Mass) post- mission disposal among the CubeSats finds IceCube in its stowed configuration as the worst case. The area-to-mass is calculated for is as follows: !"#$ ! ! !"#$ (!! ) !! = !"#$ − !" − !"## ( ) !"## (!") !" Equation 3: Area to Mass 0.035 !! !! = 0.008 4.5 !" !" IceCube has the smallest Area-to-Mass ratio and as a result will have the longest orbital lifetime. The assessment of the spacecraft illustrates they are compliant with Requirements 4.6-1 through 4.6-5. DAS 2.0.2 Orbital Lifetime Calculations: DAS inputs are: 400 km maximum perigee 400 km maximum apogee altitudes with an inclination of 51.6 degrees at deployment in the year 2017. An area to mass ratio of 0.008 m2/kg was imputed and DAS 2.0.2 yields a 2.3 years orbit lifetime for IceCube in its stowed state. This meets requirement 4.6-1. For the complete list of CubeSat orbital lifetimes reference Table 3: CubeSat Orbital Lifetime & Collision Probability. Assessment results show compliance.

Section 7: Assessment of Spacecraft Reentry Hazards A detailed assessment of the components to be flown on ElaNa-17 was performed. The assessment used DAS 2.0, a conservative tool used by the NASA Orbital Debris Office to verify Requirement 4.7-1. The analysis is intended to provide a bounding analysis for characterizing the survivability of a CubeSat’s component during re-entry. For example, when DAS shows a component surviving reentry it is not taking into account the material ablating away or charring due to oxidative heating. Both physical effects are experienced upon reentry and will decrease the mass and size of the real-life components as the reenter the atmosphere, reducing the risk they pose still further. The following steps are used to identify and evaluate a components potential reentry risk relative to the 4.7-1 requirement of having less than 15 J of kinetic energy and a 1:10,000 probability of a human casualty in the event the survive reentry. 1. Low melting temperature (less than 1000 °C) components are identified as materials that would never survive reentry and pose no risk to human casualty. This is confirmed through DAS analysis that showed materials with melting temperatures equal to or below that of copper (1080 °C) will always demise upon reentry for any size component up to the dimensions of a 1U CubeSat. 2. The remaining high temperature materials are shown to pose negligible risk to human casualty through a bounding DAS analysis of the highest temperature components, stainless steel (1500°C). If a component is of similar dimensions and has a melting temperature between 1000 °C and 1500°C, it can be expected to posses the same negligible risk as stainless steel components. See Table 4. Table 4: ELaNa-17 Stainless Steel DAS Analysis CubeSat High Temp Component Material Mass(g) Demise Alt (km) KE (J) CSUNSat1 Delployable Antenna NiTi Alloy 10 0 1 LiFePO4/ Stainless CSUNSat1 Battery 75 67.6 0 Steel CXBN-2 Antennas and Mounts Steel 410 19 0 1 Stainless Steel CXBN-2 Fasteners 60 76.5 0 (M2, M3, M4) Aluminum/ HARP Solar Panel Hinges 7 0 2 Stainless Steel HARP Separation Switch Steel 2 0 0 HARP Prism Glass 74 74 0 Lens assembly (W/O HARP Glass 80 74.4 0 front lens glass only) HARP prism holder Titanium 8 0 1 HARP Average Fasteners Stainless Steel 82 67.4 0 IceCube Fasteners 300/316 SS 133 67.2 0 OpenOrbiter 1 Antenna COTS Steel 0 0 3 Steel 304, OpenOrbiter 1 Batteries 200 62.8 0 LiNiCoAlO2 21

The majority of stainless steel components demise upon reentry. The components that DAS conservatively identifies as reaching the ground have 3 or less joules of kinetic energy, far below the requirement of 15 joules. No stainless steel component will pose a risk to human casualty as defined by the Range Commander’s Council. In fact, any injury incurred or inflicted by an object with such low energy would be negligible and wouldn’t require the individual to seek medical attention. Through the method described above, Table 4: ELaNa-17 Stainless Steel DAS Analysis, and the full component lists in the Appendix all CubeSats launching under the ElaNa-17 mission are conservatively shown to be in compliance with Requirement 4.7-1 of NASA- STD-8719.14A. See the Appendix for a complete accounting of the survivability of all CubeSat components. 22

Section 8: Assessment for Tether Missions ElaNa-17 CubeSats will not be deploying any tethers. ElaNa-17 CubeSats satisfy Section 8’s requirement 4.8-1. 23

Section 9-14 ODAR sections 9 through 14 for the launch vehicle are addressed in ref. (g), and are not covered here. If you have any questions, please contact the undersigned at 321-867-2958. /original signed by/ Justin Treptow Flight Design Analyst NASA/KSC/VA-H1 cc: VA-H/Mr. Carney VA-H1/Mr. Beaver VA-H1/Mr. Haddox VA-C/Mr. Higginbotham VA-G2/Mr. Marin SA-D2/Mr. Hale SA-D2/Mr. Hidalgo Analex-3/Mr. Hibshman Analex-22/Ms. Nighswonger 24

Appendix Index: Appendix A. ElaNa-17 Component List by CubeSat: CSUNSat1 Appendix B. ElaNa-17 Component List by CubeSat: CXBN-2 Appendix C. ElaNa-17 Component List by CubeSat: HARP Appendix D. ElaNa-17 Component List by CubeSat: IceCube Appendix E. ElaNa-17 Component List by CubeSat: OpenOrbiter1 25

Appendix A. ElaNa-17 Component List by CubeSat: CSUNSat1 Mass (g) Diameter/ Width Length Height High CUBESAT Name Qty Material Melting Temp (C) Comments (total) (mm) (mm) (mm) Temp CSUNSat1 CSUNSat1( Entire Assembly) - - Assembly 100 100 227 No - - Aluminum 5052-H32, CSUNSat1 CubeSat Structure 1 254 100 100 227 No Low Melting Temp Demise Stainless Steel ISIS UHF Antenna CSUNSat1 1 Aluminum 6061 100 98 98 7 No Low Melting Temp Demise (undeployed) ISIS Delployable Antenna CSUNSat1 4 NiTi Alloy 10 1.5 120 5 Yes 1981 See Table 5 Elements CSUNSat1 Solar Panels 4 Aluminum 6061 100 1.6 82 224 No Low Melting Temp Demise CSUNSat1 Hot Shunt Regulator Board 1 FR4/ Sn solder/Cu 37 96 92 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise CSUNSat1 Processor Board 1 FR4/ Sn solder/Cu 93 96 92 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise CSUNSat1 Cold Shunt Regulator Board 1 FR4/ Sn solder/Cu 49 96 92 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise CSUNSat1 Battery Control Board 1 FR4/ Sn solder/Cu 104 96 92 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise Panasonic NCR18650B CSUNSat1 1 Li-ion 46 19 65 No Low Melting Temp Demise Battery CSUNSat1 Power Processing Unit 1 1 FR4/ Sn solder/Cu 77 96 92 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise CSUNSat1 Power Processing Unit 2 1 FR4/ Sn solder/Cu 49 96 92 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise CSUNSat1 Radio Beacon Board 1 FR4/ Sn solder/Cu 79 96 92 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise CSUNSat1 RF Multiplexer Board 1 FR4/ Sn solder/Cu 106 96 92 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise CSUNSat1 Pigtail Board 1 FR4/ Sn solder/Cu 50 96 92 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise CSUNSat1 Payload Board 1 FR4/ Sn solder/Cu 50 96 92 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise

Mass (g) Diameter/ Width Length Height High CUBESAT Name Qty Material Melting Temp (C) Comments (total) (mm) (mm) (mm) Temp LiFePO4/ Stainless CSUNSat1 Battery 1 75 26 - 65 Yes 1400 See Table 5 steel CSUNSat1 Supercapacitors 2 Aluminum 1100 63 33 - 65 No Low Melting Temp Demise Battery/Capacitor CSUNSat1 1 Aluminum 315 10 10 5 No Low Melting Temp Demise Clamp CSUNSat1 Standoffs, nuts, screws mulitiple Aluminum/ Copper 48 Various Various Various No Low Melting Temp Demise 27

Appendix B. ElaNa-17 Component List by CubeSat: CXBN-2 Mass (g) Diameter/ Length CUBESAT Name Qty Material Height (mm) Melting Temp Comments (total) Width (mm) (mm) CXBN-2 CXBN-2 1 Aluminum 6061 - - - - Low Melting Temp Demise CXBN-2 2U Structure 1 Aluminum 6061 520 113 113 227 Low Melting Temp Demise CXBN-2 Antennas and Mounts 4 Steel 410 19 10 180 1 1500 See Table 5 CXBN-2 Solar Panels (4 cell) 4 FR-4 PCB (4 cells) 360 82 216.5 27 Low Melting Temp Demise CXBN-2 Solar Panels (2 cell) 4 FR-4 PCB (2 cells) 180 80 90 1.2 Low Melting Temp Demise Thermal Radiator CXBN-2 4 Gold, Copper, Stainless Steel, FR-4 PCB, Brass 144 75 95 3 Low Melting Temp Demise System CXBN-2 Sep Switches 3 Steel, Brass, Thermoplastic Polyester 6 5.5-6 15 13-15 Low Melting Temp Demise CXBN-2 Batteries 2 Lithium Ion Batteries (Swing 5300) 186 37 64.8 19.1 Low Melting Temp Demise CXBN-2 ACS (Magenetorqure) 1 HyMu-80, EFI Alloy 50 300 95 95 45.1 Low Melting Temp Demise ADS (IMU Integrated CXBN-2 into C&DH, Sun 1 FR-4 PCB, Resistor, Capacitor, IMU 11 14 18.7 2.3 Low Melting Temp Demise Sensors) Payload System (CZT CZT, Aluminum, Epoxy, Tungsten Powder, FR-4 PCB, CXBN-2 2 620 54 54 40 Low Melting Temp Demise Detector + Shielding) ZE4 Connectors, Gold, Copper, TFM Connectors Aluminum, FR-4 PCB, SMA Connector, black liquid CXBN-2 Comms Board 1 90 32 62 12 Low Melting Temp Demise crystal polymer Connector Aluminum, FR-4 PCB, Stainless Steel, Connectors, CXBN-2 Battery Board (EPS) 1 114 95 95 35 Low Melting Temp Demise Epoxy FR-4 PCB, Stainless Steel, ZE4 and ZE8 Connectors, CXBN-2 C&DH Board 1 18 46 46 18 Low Melting Temp Demise Connector CXBN-2 Fasteners 275 Stainless Steel (M2, M3, M4) 60.116 4 6.1 - 1500 See Table 5 CXBN-2 Cabling TBD Various (Teflon Wiring) - 50 - Low Melting Temp Demise Epoxies, Tape, CXBN-2 Various 160 160 Conformal - Low Melting Temp Demise Adhesives 28

Appendix C. ElaNa-17 Component List by CubeSat: HARP Appendix D. Mass (g) Diameter/ Width Length Height CUBESAT Name Qty Material Melting Temp Comments (total) (mm) (mm) (mm) HARP Thermal Knife Deployer 2 G10/Aluminum 1 10.7 17.5 5.1 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Sun Sensor Assembly 1 Aluminum 6061-T6 25 35.6 35.6 40.9 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Detector cage 1 Aluminum 161 50 60 45 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Prism 3 Glass 74 45 25 35 1400 See Table 5 HARP Lens assembly (W/O front lens glass only) 8 Glass 80 30 4 1400 See Table 5 HARP Lens assembly aluminum structure 1 aluminum 167 75 70 1 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP power board mount 1 aluminum 17 45 12 2.5 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP TIM electronic board 1 PCB 115 90 90 10 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Camera power board 1 PCB 53 80 25 15 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Detector 3 Ceramic 32 36 24 2 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Detector electronics board 3 PCB 53 30 45 2 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP BusBar 1 Copper 176 4 150 100 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Detector Strap 3 Copper 33 15 75 1 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP SDL Standoffs 8 Aluminum 9 12.7 95.9 19 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP ClydeSpace Standoffs 4 0.5 6.35 25.4 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Electronic Stack Mounts 4 Aluminum 6061-T6 2 11.5 16.5 9.5 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Shutter 1 Aluminum 28 75 3 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Prism holder 1 Titanium 8 45 35 3 1660 See Table 5 HARP Prism mount 1 Aluminum 17 45 35 30 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Stack spacers 4 Aluminum 39 10 90 10 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP Electrical harness 1 Copper-PTFE 30 1 50 1 Low Melting Temp Demise HARP 4-40 x 0.375" Detector Assembly 12 300 Series Stainless Steel 7.87 2 9 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 2-56 x 0.125" Detector Assembly 12 18-8 Stainless Steel 3.15 1 3 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 2-64 x 0.188" Detector Assembly 12 18-8 Stainless Steel 3.15 1.5 5 - See Average Fastener Results 29

CUBESAT Name Qty Material Mass (g) (total) Diameter/ Width (mm) Length (mm) Height (mm) Comments HARP Ø.062" x 0.188" Detector Assembly 12 18-8 Stainless Steel 0.89 19 5 - See Average Fastener Results HARP Ø0.750" Snap Ring Lense Assembly 1 1 Stainless steel 0.66 1.5 1 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 6-40 x 0.375" Lense Assembly 2 4 18-8 Stainless Steel 4.72 5 9 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 6-40 x 0.5" Lense Assembly 2 4 18-8 Stainless Steel 5.24 5 13 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 1-72 x 0.125" Lens Assembly 2 6 18-8 Stainless Steel 0.79 1 3 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 1-72 x 0.188" Lense Assembly 2 4 18-8 Stainless Steel 0.52 1 22 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 2-56 x 0.25" Lense Assembly 1 3 18-8 Stainless Steel/ Black Oxide 0.79 1.5 6 - See Average Fastener Results HARP Ø0.125" x .375" Lense Assembly 1 2 18-8 Stainless Steel 1.23 3 9 - See Average Fastener Results HARP Ø0.125" x .5" Lense Assembly 2 2 18-8 Stainless Steel 1.63 3 13 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 4-40 x0.25" Detector Assembly 12 300 Series Stainless Steel 6.29 2 6 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 4-40 x0.188" Thermal Assembly 3 18-8 Stainless Steel 1.57 2 5 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 4-40 x0.313" Thermal Assembly 15 18-8 Stainless Steel 9.83 2 8 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 1-64 x 0.25" Prism Assembly 6 18-8 Stainless Steel 0.79 1 6 - See Average Fastener Results HARP Ø0.062" x .25" Prism Assembly 2 18-8 Stainless Steel 0.20 1.5 6 - See Average Fastener Results HARP #4 washer General 39 300 Series Stainless Steel 3.07 5 1 - See Average Fastener Results HARP #6 washer General 8 18-8 Stainless Steel 1.05 6.5 1 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 2-56x0.188 Phillips Head Bolt 4 SS 316 0.95 1.5 5 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 2-56x0.188 Socket Head Bolt 2 SS 303 0.58 1.5 5 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 2-56x0.25 Socket Head Bolt 12 SS 303 4.08 1.5 5 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 093-187x0.1 Washer 12 SS 316 0.19 4 2 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 2-56x0.25 Phillips Head Bolt 34 SS 304 8.02 1.5 6 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 1-64x0.25 Socket Head Bolt 4 6061-T6 0.19 1.5 5 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 8-32x.049 Flat Washer 4 SS 304 3.16 10 1 - See Average Fastener Results 30

CUBESAT Name Qty Material Mass (g) (total) Diameter/ Width (mm) Length (mm) Height (mm) Melting Temp Comments HARP 8-32x0.375 Socket Head Bolt 4 SS 303 8.40 8 10 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 2-56x0.125 Shoulder Bolt 4 SS 316 1.13 1.5 3 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 2-56x0.375 Phillips Head Bolt 2 SS 304 0.66 1.5 10 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 2-56 Hex Nut 2 SS 304 0.46 3 1 - See Average Fastener Results HARP 6-32x.4375 Flat Head Phillips Machine Screw 3 SS 304 0.77 5 13 - See Average Fastener Results HAPR Average Fasteners 246 82.02 23.89 34.15 - ~1500 See Table 5 31

Appendix E. ElaNa-17 Component List by CubeSat: IceCube Appendix F. Mass (g) Diameter/ Width Length Height CUBESAT Name Qty Material Melting Temp Comments (total) (mm) (mm) (mm) IceCube IceCube 1 Various (see below) 4500 100 100 300 Low Melting Temp Demise IceCube CubeSat Structure 1 Al 6061-T6 1052 100 100 300 Low Melting Temp Demise IceCube Antennae 1 Al 110 98 98 7 Low Melting Temp Demise IceCube Solar Panels 1 IPC-4101/99 FR4 928 500 300 300 Low Melting Temp Demise IceCube Batteries Assembly (batt,board,etc) 1 Li-Ion Polymer, FR4 365 96 90 26 Low Melting Temp Demise IceCube ADCS 1 Al, FR4 910 100 100 50 Low Melting Temp Demise IceCube Comm Board 1 FR4, 1B31 Acrylic, DC 6-1104 260 96 90 1.6 Low Melting Temp Demise IceCube C&DH Board 1 FR4 276 96 90 1.6 Low Melting Temp Demise IceCube Fasteners 141 300/316 SS 133 4 6 - 1500 See Table 5 IceCube Cabling 8 Copper alloy 103 n/a n/a n/a Low Melting Temp Demise IceCube Solder n/a Sn62 or Sn63 (Tin/Lead) 100 n/a n/a n/a Low Melting Temp Demise IceCube Miscelanea n./a Not expected to be high-temp materials 763 n/a n/a n/a Low Melting Temp Demise 32

Appendix G. ElaNa-17 Component List by CubeSat: OpenOrbiter1 Mass Diameter/ Length Height CUBESAT Name Qty Material (g) Width Melting Temp Comments (mm) (mm) (total) (mm) OpenOrbiter 1 OpenOrbiter 1 1 - - - - - - OpenOrbiter 1 CubeSat Structure * 1 Aluminum 6061 264.0 100 100 113.5 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 Antenna 1 COTS Steel (Tape Measure) 30 12.7 164.34 - 1500 See Table 5 OpenOrbiter 1 Solar Panel Board (+Z Face)** 1 2-Layer FR-4 1oz/ft^3 31.5 94.5 94.5 1.8669 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 Solar Panel Boards ** 4 2-Layer FR-4 1oz/ft^3 119.1 83 100 1.8669 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 Sep Switches 3 COTS Plastic 1.5 5.8 12.7 5 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 Payload Camera Board** 1 Standard COTS Components 4.1 50 50 - Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 Batteries 4 Steel 304, LiNiCoAlO2 200 18.6 68 - 1450 See Table 5 OpenOrbiter 1 Electrical Power System Board ** 1 Standard COTS Components 25.7 87 100 7.5803 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 Primary Flight Comp/ Comm Board ** 1 Standard COTS Components 25.7 87 100 5 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 System Interconnect Board ** 1 Standard COTS Components 25.7 92.8 92.8 5 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 Payload Board ** 1 Standard COTS Components 25.7 87 100 5 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 ADCS Board ** 1 Standard COTS Components 25.7 87 100 5 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 ADCS - Electromagnets Cores 3 Ferrite 42 7.62 - 63.5 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 ADCS - Motors 3 Copper, SS, Aluminum, ABS 135 19.2 - 9.8 Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 Fasteners 97 Stainless Steel (dimensions are averaged over 97 fasteners) 53.8 2 4.84 - Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 Cabling - eg. Copper alloy - - - - Low Melting Temp Demise OpenOrbiter 1 Epoxy - Adhesive - - - - Low Melting Temp Demise 33


Document Created: 2016-07-29 09:40:13
Document Modified: 2016-07-29 09:40:13
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